Hydrophobicity evaluation impact

Our own evaluation [72] on the impact of hydrophobicity on biological activities examined the linear relationship between activity and the physicochemical property space defined by ELogP. From a total of 423 regressions on 14022 activities from 162... 

Proteins can spontaneously adsorb on many electrode materials [176] as schematically shown in Figure 1.5a. The interaction is mainly governed by hydrogen bonds as well as electrostatic, dipole-dipole, or hydrophobic interactions. It is important to take into account spontaneous adsorption on the electrode surface because it might also contribute to the overall current signal of a biosensor based on a more complex architecture. The impact of this effect can be evaluated by performing suitable control experiments. 

Water molecules bound to carbon surfaces can significantly hinder SOC adsorption. Tlierefore, activated carbons that have hydrophobic surfaces with low affinity toward water should be selected. The use of oxidants prior to activated carbon decreases tlie effectiveness of atdivated carbons for target compounds. The impact of oxidant use on the performance of activated carbon should be carefully evaluated. 

Hydrophobic behavior of the GSA, GSA-SDS, and GSA-SDS/FMWNT was evaluated by means of water contact angle. From the experimental results, it was concluded that the size of the granules have very negligible impact on the contact angle. However, the doping of FMWNT into the GSA-SDS composites showed a transformation from hydrophobic to superhydrophobic quality corresponding with an increase of almost 30°—40° in contact angle. At 0.05 %wt. FMWNT, the... 

Currently, however, quantitative assessment of the mechanical durability of non-wetting surfaces is difficult due to the diversity of wear testing and characterization methods discussed above. Ideally, the evaluation techniques should be more standardized and possibly reduced in number, as this would be beneficial for focused efforts to develop resilient coatings. From all the techniques that we described above, there seem to be some of them that are more commonly accepted. Linear abrasion, for instance, seems to be a very well accepted and is a common method to evaluate the mechanical durability. Sand, water/jet and gas impact are also good techniques to evaluate the stability of the surfaces for outdoor applications. Nevertheless, the range of possible applications for super hydrophobic surfaces may call for specialized mechanical tests like laundry tests, finger touch, etc. 

Healing functionalities as evaluated by several techniques, (a) toughness recovery (Caruso, 2008) (b) impact strength recovery (Yao, 2011) (c) fatigue resistance recovery (Yuan, 2011) (d) corrosion protection recovery (Garcia, 2011) (e) electrical conductivity recovery (Odom, 2012) and (f) hydrophobicity recovery (Liu, 2012). 

Experimental and mathematical modeling studies were performed to evaluate the potential benefits and limitations associated with the use of nonionic surfactants to enhance the microbial transformation of hexachlorobenzene (HCB) by a dechlorinating mixed culture enriched from a contaminated sediment. In general. Tween series surfactants were shown to have little impact on methanogenesis, whereas, polyoxyethylene (POE) alcohols, Triton X-100 and SDS were found to strongly inhibit methanogenesis and HCB dechlorination. Subsequent experiments conducted with Tween 80 illustrated the ability of this surfactant to enhance the solubility of HCB and to reduce the HCB-soil distribution coefficient. Model simulations demonstrated, however, that the aqueous phase mass fraction of HCB was substantially reduced in micellar solutions, which corresponded with observed reductions in HCB dechlorination. These results indicate that the impacts of surfactants on both biological activity and contaminant phase distributions should be evaluated in order to accurately assess the potential for biotransformation of hydrophobic contaminants in the presence of surfactants. 

The hydrophilic/hydrophobic balance of RTILs is of importance in the evaluation of their impact on the environment and their toxicity. The ionic character of RTILs makes them considerably hydrophilic, unless they carry long alkyl chains that turn them to be hydrophobic. The common measure of this hydrophilic/hydrophobic balance is the logarithm of the 1-octanol/water partition coefficient, logP°w> for dilute solutions of the substance in questimi in the mutually saturated 1-octanol/ water system. The values for RTILs are shown in Table 6.18. The values of logP°w are concentration dependent, and this explains to some extent the discrepancies noted in Table 6.18 between the values reported by different authors ideally the values should pertain to infinite dilution in both phases. 

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