Hydrophilic carotenoids surface properties

Breukers S, 0pstad CL, Sliwka HR, and Partali V. 2009. Hydrophilic carotenoids Surface properties and aggregation behaviour of the potassium salt of the highly unsaturated diacid norbixin. Helvetica Chimica Acta 92(9) 1741-1747. 

Foss BJ, Sliwka HR, Partali V, Nalum Naess S, Elgsaeter A, Mel0 TB, and Naqvi KR. 2005a. Hydrophilic carotenoids Surface properties and aggregation behavior of a highly unsaturated carotenoid lysophos-pholipid. Chemistry and Physics of Lipids 134(2) 85-96. 

The matrix solution contains a protective colloid, usually gelatin, which is adsorbed in a thin layer on the surface of the carotenoid particles which are thus made hydrophilic and can form stable dispersions in water at suitable pH. Depending on the nature of the further processing, the matrix solution also contains additives, for example natural antioxidants such as tocopherol and ascorbic acid, emulsifiers such as lecithin and ascorbyl palmitate, and sugar and starch to improve the mechanical properties of the end products. 

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