Hydron blue

Hydron Blue G Hydron Blue R Hydronium ion Hydroperit... 

Erio black Hydron blue Indanthrene violet, R.R. lonamine, A.S. 

Cl Sulphur Black 1, which is produced from the relatively simple intermediate 2,4-dinitrophenol and aqueous sodium polysulphide. A similar product (Cl Sulphur Black 2) is obtained from a mixture of 2,4-dinitrophenol and either picric acid (6.148 X = N02) or picramic acid (6.148 X = NH2). A black dye possessing superior fastness to chlorine when on the fibre (Cl Sulphur Black 11) can be made from the naphthalene intermediate 6.149 by heating it in a solution of sodium polysulphide in butanol. An equivalent reaction using the carbazole intermediate 6.150 gives rise to the reddish blue Cl Vat Blue 43 (Hydron blue). This important compound, which also possesses superior fastness properties, is classified as a sulphurised vat dye because it is normally applied from an alkaline sodium dithionite bath. Interestingly, inclusion of copper(II) sulphate in the sulphurisation of intermediate 6.150 leads to the formation of the bluish black Cl Sulphur Black 4. 

By this method, sulfur dyes derived from 4-hydroxydiphenylamine are seen to be essentially identical. Similarly, the sulfur dye from 7-anilino-9-methyl-l,2,4-trichlorophenothiazin-3-one (21) and the sulfur dye from 4-anilino-4 -hydroxy-2-methyldiphenylamine (22) were compared and found to be almost identical, as was the related trichlorophenothiazinone derivative (23) from carbazole when compared with Hydron Blue indophenol, Cl... 

Blues of the immedial, katigene. thiogene, pyrogene, sulphur, etc., series, hydrone -blues. u. h, 5 3 >31 ... 

The world production of sulfur dyes may still be more than about 100 000 t/a. The most important sulfur dyes, today as in the past, are C.I. Sulphur Black 1, 53185 1326-H2-5 and dyes of the Hydron Blue type such as C.I. Vat Blue 43, 53630 [1327-79-3]. 

Alkali metal polysulfides are added to stabilize alkaline sulfur dye liquors against atmospheric oxygen. This is common for Hydron Blue, especially on the winch beck. An excess of sulfide and reducing agent in the wastewater has to be avoided therefore, low-sulfide dyeing methodes were introduced [71],... 

A traditionally important sulfur dye, based on carbazole is Hydron Blue R (Vat Blue 43), developed by Cassella in 1909. The reaction of p-nitrosophenol with carbazole in sulfuric acid yields indocarbazole (N-(3-carbazole)-l,4-benzoqui-... 

Vat Blue 43 (Hydron Blue R) is a kind of sulfur dye that, unlike typical sulfur dyes, may be reduced by sodium hydrosulfite without destruction. To prepare Vat Blue 43, carbazole is condensed with p-nitrosophenol in sulfuric acid to give an indophenol, which is reduced and then fused with polysulfide. 

Vat Blue 42 (Hydron Blue G) gives a greener shade than Vat Blue 43. It is prepared by using iV-ethylcarbazole in place of carbazole. 

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