Hydrolytic weakening

D. T. Griggs, Hydrolytic Weakening of Quartz and other Silicates, Geophysical Jour. 

Kronenberg A.K., Kirby S.H., Aines R.D., and Rossman G.R. (1986) Solubility and diffu-sional uptake of hydrogen in quartz at high water pressures implications for hydrolytic weakening. /. Geophys. Res. 91(B12), 12723-12744. 

The hydrolytic weakening effect in quartz. In Point Defects in Minerals, Geophysical Monograph 31, edited by R. N. Schock, pp. 151-70. Washington, DC American Geophysical Union. 

Kirby, S. H., McCormick, J. W. (1979). Creep of hydrolytically weakened synthetic quartz crystals oriented to promote (2110)<0001> slip a brief summary of work to date. Bull. Mineral., 102,124-37. 

Linker, M. F., Kirby, S. H., Ord, A., Christie, J. M. (1984). Effects of compression direction on the plasticity and rheology of hydrolytically weakened synthetic quartz crystals at atmospheric pressure. J. Geophys. Res., 89, 4241-55. 

Tullis, J., Yund, R. A. (1989). Hydrolytic weakening of quartz aggregates the role of water and pressure on recovery, Geophys. Res. Letters, 16,1343-6. 

Griggs D. (1967) Hydrolytic weakening of quartz and other silicates. Geophys. J. Roy. Astro. Soc. 14, 19-31. 

Graetsch, H., Florke, O. W. Miehe, G. (1985). The nature of water in chalcedony and opal-C from Brazilian agate geodes. Physics and Chemistry of Minerals, Vol. 12, pp. 300-306 Grigss, D.T. (1967). Hydrolytic weakening of quartz and other silicates. Geophysical Journal of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 14, pp. 19-32 Hawthorne, F.C. Cerny, R (1977). The alkali-metal positions in Cs-Li beryl. Canadian Mineralogist, Vol. 15, pp. 414-421... 

Kronenberg, A.K. Wolf, G.H. (1990). Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy determinations of intragranular water content in quartz-bearing rocks implications for hydrolytic weakening in the laboratory and within the earth, Techtonophysics, Vol. 172, pp. 255-271... 

Post, A. Tullis, J. (1998). The rate of water penetration in experimentally deformed quartzite implications for hydrolytic weakening. Tectonophysics, Vol. 295, pp. 117-137... 

In quartz materials grown from seed crystals, the dominant impurity near the seed is molecular H2O. This gives way to OH— as you move away from the seed. It is the presence of such water molecules that is primarily responsible for the hydrolytic weakening in quartz. 

Clay is a common mineral contaminant and water recovery from discarded effluent is problematic as a result of its particle size being < 10 pm due to hydrolytically weakened delami-nation. At a presence of himdreds to thousands of tonnes per day at each site, solid-liquid separation becomes a significant cost to the viability of operation. 

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