Hydrolysis of cations

Hydrolysis of cationic polyacrylamides prepared from copolymeri2ation of acrylamide and cationic ester monomer can occur under very mild conditions. A substantial loss in cationicity can cause a significant loss in performance in many apphcations. Copolymers [69418-26-4] of acrylamide and acryloxyethyltrimethylammonium chloride [44992-01 -0] CgH gN02(Cl), for instance, lose cationicity rapidly at alkaline pH (37). 

Separation Processes. The product of ore digestion contains the rare earths in the same ratio as that in which they were originally present in the ore, with few exceptions, because of the similarity in chemical properties. The various processes for separating individual rare earth from naturally occurring rare-earth mixtures essentially utilize small differences in acidity resulting from the decrease in ionic radius from lanthanum to lutetium. The acidity differences influence the solubiUties of salts, the hydrolysis of cations, and the formation of complex species so as to allow separation by fractional crystallization, fractional precipitation, ion exchange, and solvent extraction. In addition, the existence of tetravalent and divalent species for cerium and europium, respectively, is useful because the chemical behavior of these ions is markedly different from that of the trivalent species. 

The Hydrolysis of Cations, John Wiley Sons, Inc., New York, p. 121. 

Aveston J, Anacker EW, Johnson JS (1964) Hydrolysis of molybdenum (VI). Ultracentrifugation, acidity measurements, and Raman spectra of polymolybdates. Inorg Chem 3 735-746 Baes Jr. CF, Mesmer RE (1986) The Hydrolysis of Cations. Krieger Publishing Company, Melbourne, EL Barling J, Anbar AD (2004) Molybdenum isotope fractionation during adsorption by manganese oxides. Earth Planet Sci Lett, in press... 

C. F. Baes, R.E. Mesmer, In The Hydrolysis of Cations, edited by John Wiley Sons (Wiley Sons, New York 1976). 

Baes CF, Mesmer RE. 1976. The Hydrolysis of Cations. A Critical Review of Hydrolytic Species and Their Stability Constants in Aqueous Solution. New York Wiley-Interscience. 

Wanner, H. Standards and conventions for TDB publications, TDB-5.1, Rev. 1, OECD Nuclear Energy Agency, Data Bank, Gif-sur-Yvette, France, 1989. Baes, C. F., Jr. Mesmer, R. F. The Hydrolysis of Cations, John Wiley and Sons, New York, 1976. 

Figure 7. A linear free energy relationship for rates of hydrolysis of cations CH3CON—consistent with N-protonation of acetamide in aqueous acid.

Figure 8.14 Effect of polarizing power on degree of hydrolysis of cations in water. Reprinted from D. R. Turner, M. Whitfield, and A. G. Dickson, Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 45, 855-881, copyright 1981, with kind permission from Elsevier Science Ltd., The Boulevard, Langford Lane, Kidlington 0X5 1GB, UK.

C. E. Baes, R. E. Mesmer, Jr. The Hydrolysis of Cations, Wiley-Interscience, New York, 1976 Chapter 12. 

CF Baea, RE Mesmer. The Hydrolysis of Cations. New York John Wiley, 1976. 

Baes, Charles F., Jr., and Mesmer, Robert, "The Hydrolysis of Cations," pp. I29-I68, John Wiley Sons, New York, 1976. 

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