Hydrological characterization

The hydrological characterization of the soil may have already been performed as a part of a preliminary remedial investigation, but much of the information has been developed with regard to defining the extent of the contamination and not with remedial solutions in mind, and not all of it may be suitable for your purposes. 

Kreitler, C.W., Akhter, M.S., and Donnelly, A.C.A., Hydrologic-Hydrochemical Characterization of Texas Gulf Coast Saline Formations Used for Deep Well Injection of Chemical Wastes, Prepared for U.S. Environmental Protection Agency by University of Texas at Austin, Bureau of Economic Geology, 1988. 

No water wells were located down gradient from the landfill and significant leaching past the landfill liner was not found hence no further hydrological assessments were undertaken. Airborne emissions from the landfill were characterized by air samples taken at the landfill and airborne concentrations were also measured at the nearest community. 

Mercer, J. W. and Cohen, R. M., 1990, A Review of Immiscible Fluids in the Subsurface — Properties, Models, Characterization and Remediation Journal of Contaminant Hydrology, Vol. 6, pp. 107-163. 

Fujita, T Sugiyama, D., Swanton, S. W. Myatt, B. J. 2003. Observation and characterization of colloids derived from leached cement hydrates. Journal of Contaminant Hydrology, 61, 3-16. 

The number of cores needed to characterize accumulation in a lake basin depends on hydrology, bathymetry, and degree of accuracy desired. The fewest cores will be needed in small lakes of uniform depth that have no significant inflowing streams. 

Differences in the hydrologic characteristics for the upper and lower portions of Twelve Mile Creek and for Lake Hartwell are believed to have a significant effect on physiochemical and biochemical weathering processes. The upper portion of Twelve Mile Creek (0-32 km) is characterized by relatively shallow waters and high water velocities. In the lower portion (32-39 km), the creek deepens and widens because of the impoundment of Lake Hartwell. Water velocities are much slower in this portion of the creek, and a significant portion of the solids load is deposited in the sediments. Flow from Twelve Mile Creek eventually enters the top of Lake Hartwell, where it mixes with uncontaminated waters from the Keowee River. The waters then move slowly down this 50-km-long reservoir toward the Hartwell Dam. 

Swank, W. T. and J. B. Waide. 1987. Characterization of baseline precipitation and stream chemistry and nutrient budgets for control watersheds. In Forest Hydrology and Ecology at Coweeta (W. T. Swank and D. A. Crossley, Eds.). Springer-Verlag, New York. 

Aqua (NASA-EOS) Spaceborne observatory launched on May 4, 2002 by NASA to study components of the global hydrological process, equipped with the six sensors characterized in Table 5.3. 

Table 2. Toxicity classes defined by the German Federal Institute of Hydrology for sediment assessment and ecotoxicological management categories for dredged material relocation. Ecotoxicological characterization is based on porewater and elutriate bioassay responses. For shade codes, refer to Table 3.

Hart, G. L., Lowery, B., McSweeney, K., and Fermanich, K. J. (1994). In situ characterization of hydrologic properties of Sparta sand Relation to solute travel using time domain reflectometry. 

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