Hydrogen photo-electrochemical

The (photo)electrochemical behavior of p-InSe single-crystal vdW surface was studied in 0.5 M H2SO4 and 1.0 M NaOH solutions, in relation to the effect of surface steps on the crystal [183]. The pH-potential diagram was constructed, in order to examine the thermodynamic stability of the InSe crystals (Fig. 5.12). The mechanism of photoelectrochemical hydrogen evolution in 0.5 M H2SO4 and the effect of Pt modification were discussed. A several hundred mV anodic shift of the photocurrent onset potential was observed by depositing Pt on the semiconductor electrode. 

Bak, T., Nowotny, Rekas, M., and Sorrell, C.C., Photo-electrochemical hydrogen generation from water using solar energy. Materials-related aspects, bit.. Hydrogen Energ., 27,991, 2002. 

The quantum efficiency of photo electrochemical reactions may vary from 2 to 4 the effective dissolution valence may vary from 2 to 4 and the efficiency of hydrogen evolution may vary from zero to near 1 depending on light intensity and potential. 

Yoneyama H, Sakamoto H, Tamura H (1975) A photo-electrochemical cell with production of hydrogen and oxygen by a cell reaction. Electrochim Acta 20 341-345 A. J. Nozik (1977) Photochemical diodes. Appl Phys Lett 30 567-569... 

Cross-cutting Hydrogen from Biomass Hydrogen production from nuclear energy Photo-electrochemical Biological and photolytic systems Hydrogen production from Boron... 

Photo-electrochemical (PEC) processes can produce hydrogen in one step - splitting water by illuminating a water-immersed semiconductor with sunlight. There are two types of photo-electrochemical processes. The first uses soluble metal complexes as catalysts. When these complexes dissolve, they absorb solar energy and produce an electrical charge that drives the water splitting reaction. This process mimics photo-synthesis, however, currently there is minimal experience in this process. 

The US photolytic program focuses on both photo-biological and photo-electrochemical hydrogen production processes and is funded at US 2.8 million. 

Van de Krol R, Schoonman J. Photo-electrochemical production of hydrogen. In Hanja-lic K, Van de Krol R, Lekic A, editors.Sustainable energy technologies. Dordrecht, Netherlands Springer 2008. p. 121-42. 

Regarding production costs, it seems that a photo-electrochemical device in which all of the functions of photon absorption and water splitting are combined in the same equipment may have better potential for hydrogen production at reasonable costs. However, it is instructive to do a quick back of the envelope analysis for the acceptable cost by such a system. It is assumed that cost per peak watt for a photoelectrochemical device is the same as that for the possible future PV modules (see Table E-48 of Appendix E.) It... 

A Photo-Electrochemical Cell with Production of Hydrogen and Oxygen by a Cell Reaction Cell configuration also employs an illuminated p-GaP photocathode (c.f. Ref. 60). 227... 

There are other ways of obtaining hydrogen from hydrogen sulfide, for example, a photo-electrochemical way [26] and the running cost of this process produces hydrogen and sulfur... 

Photovoltaic (PV) cells are physical devices that operate on the principles of solid-state physics. Another class of device - one that is capable of splitting water - is based on photo-electrochemical reactions, which take place at electrodes that are light-sensitive. Photo-electrochemistry may serve to generate d.c. electricity (via dye-sensitized solar cells) and this can then be used to electrolyze water (as with PV cells). Alternatively, light illuminating an electrode may reduce water directly to hydrogen - a process known as photolysis . These two processes are described next. 

As mentioned earlier, photo-electrochemical (PEC) reactions may be employed not only to generate electricity, but also to decompose water to hydrogen a... 

The fundamental principles of the photo-electrochemical cell for light-driven electrolysis of water are well known. Its future as a device for the production of hydrogen from water rests solely on the ability to find the correct semiconducting material for the photoactive electrode. 

Solar cells that extract electrical energy from light, including visible light. Each cell consists of a photo-sensitive electrode and a conducting counter electrode immersed in an electrolyte. Some photo-electrochemical cells simply produce a direct current, whereas others liberate hydrogen in a process similar to the conventional electrolysis of water. 

Raja KS, Misra M, Mahajan VK et al (2006) Photo-electrochemical hydrogen generation using band-gap modified nanotubnlar titanium oxide in solar light J Power Sources 161 1450... 

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