Hydrogen peroxide peroxyacids from

A process that is effective for epoxidation and avoids acidic conditions involves reaction of an alkene, a nitrile, and hydrogen peroxide.82 The nitrile and hydrogen peroxide react, forming a peroxyimidic acid, which epoxidizes the alkene, by a mechanism similar to that for peroxyacids. An important contribution to the reactivity of the peroxyimidic acid comes from the formation of the stable amide carbonyl group. 

The peroxyacids were until relatively recently the most powerful oxidants of all organic peroxides, and it is often unnecessary to isolate them from the mixture of carboxylic acid and hydrogen peroxide used to generate them. The pine lower aliphatic members are explosive (performic, particularly) at high, but not low concentrations, being sensitive to heat but not usually to shock. Dipicolinic acid or phosphates have been used to stabilise these solutions. The detonable limits of peroxyacid solutions can be plotted by extrapolation from known data. Aromatic peroxyacids are generally more stable, particularly if ring substituents are present [1],... 

Peroxytriflic acid (CF3SO4H) is prepared in situ from the addition of 90-98 % hydrogen peroxide to an excess of triflic acid. Peroxytriflic acid was first reported by Nielsen and co-workers and is possibly the most powerful peroxyacid known. The full potential of peroxytriflic acid has not been explored but it is reported to oxidize the weakly basic amine 2,3,4,5,6-pentanitroaniline (31) to hexanitrobenzene (55) in 90 % yield peroxydisulfuric acid achieves the same conversion in only 58 % yield. ... 

Other Peroxyacids. Benzeneperoxyseleninic acid has been prepared in situ from benzeneseleninic acid and hydrogen peroxide and is used to epoxidize terpenic olefins and Baeyer-Villiger oxidation of cyclic ketones. 

Addition of an oxygen atom from hydrogen peroxide or a peroxyacid to a primary or secondary amine might be expected to yield an amine oxide-type... 

From Interox Chemicals Ltd, who supply notes on the safe handling of these concentrated solutions, and advise on the use of hydrogen peroxide and peroxyacids (Section 4.2.56, p. 455). t A freshly prepared solution (5%) of sodium ascorbate should be readily available for use as an eye wash. 

From Interox Chemicals Ltd, who supply notes on safe handling of these concentrated solutions, and advise on the use of hydrogen peroxide and peroxyacids. 

Hydroxylation at double bonds of unsaturated carboxylic acids is accomplished stereoselectively by the same reagents as those used to hy-droxylate alkenes. syn Hydroxylation is carried out with potassium permanganate [101] or osmium tetroxide with hydrogen peroxide [130], sodium chlorate [310, 715], potassium chlorate [715], or silver chlorate [310] as reoxidant, anti Hydroxylation is achieved with peroxyacids, such as peroxybenzoic acid [310] or peroxyformic acid, prepared in situ from hydrogen peroxide and formic acid [101] (equation 472). 

Amine oxides are derived from oxidation of ieri-amines with peroxyacids or hydrogen peroxide. In the Cope elimination, the negatively charged oxygen acts as a base in accepting a (3-hydrogen atom via a syn transition state. 

This preparation, illustrating the formation of the salt of a peroxyacid from hydrogen peroxide, is to be compared with Experiment 48, where the peroxysalt is formed electrolytically. 

Unsaturated polymers, prepared from butadiene or isoprene, can be epoxidized with peroxyacids. The peroxyacids used can either be preformed or prepared in situ by reacting hydrogen peroxide with lower aliphatic carboxylic acids. The epoxidized polymers can be reacted with diamines or dianhydrides to give a cross-linked resin useful for adhesive and coating applications. 

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