Hydrogen four-state diagram

Fig. 5. a) Breit-Rabi diagram of the hydrogen ground state in a magnetic field, b) dependence of the magnetic moment of he four states on the magnetic field... 

EXAMPLE 8.7 (a) Diagram all possible spin combinations of four equivalent hydrogens. Arrange them into spin states by their value of M. (b) If another hydrogen were coupled to these four hydrogens, how many lines would comprise its multiplet and what would be their relative intensities ... 

Figure 4.4 A. diagram of the Bohr model of the hydrogen atom as shown by Arnold Sommerfeld in Atomic Structure and Spectral Lines. The radii of the pictured orbits n = 2 and w = 3 are four times and nine times larger than the radius = 1. Orbits forw = 4, 5, 6, and so on are even larger. Spectral lines originate when the atom passes from one energy state, w = 3, to others, n = 2 and n = 1, as pictured.

Wang et al. [45,46] have constructed a phase diagram of GO at different chemical potentials of oxygen and hydrogen. They found four thermodynamically stable GO structures as shown in Fig. 5.2, which are all fully oxidized and can only exist at extreme 0-rich and H-poor conditions. Genetic algorithm has also been used to study GO structure [47]. In the epoxy-only case, the ground state contains normal epoxy, unzipped epoxy, and epoxy pair. 

The sequence of drawings (19) to endo- 9) should show clearly how to draw the stereochemistry of the endo adduct. All four drawings are not usually necessary. The imide (21), used in Weinreb s cytochalasin synthesis, will have all four chiral centres correct, that is with all four hydrogen atoms cis, if the correct geometrical isomer of diene (22) is used. One diagram (23) should be enough to show all four hydrogen atoms cis in the endo transition state if the , -diene (24) is used. ... 

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