Hydrogen bonds, contact with polar surfaces through

With more detailed information from computer simulations, on the hydrophobic hydration shells the ideas about hydrophobic hydration gradually changed. It became apparent that the hydrogen bonds in the hydrophobic hydration shell are not , or only to a minor extent, stronger than in normal water. These results are confirmed experimentally through neutron scattering - 2- 4 nd X-ray studies (EXAFS) These studies revealed that the water molecules in the hydrophobic hydration shell remain essentially fully hydrogen-bonded. For each water molecule in contact with the non-polar solute one O—H bond is oriented parallel to the non-polar surface the other bonds point into bulk water. 

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