Hydrogen atom electric field

The dipole density profile p (z) indicates ordered dipoles in the adsorbate layer. The orientation is largely due to the anisotropy of the water-metal interaction potential, which favors configurations in which the oxygen atom is closer to the surface. Most quantum chemical calculations of water near metal surfaces to date predict a significant preference of oxygen-down configurations over hydrogen-down ones at zero electric field (e.g., [48,124,141-145]). The dipole orientation in the second layer is only weakly anisotropic (see also Fig. 7). 

These fluctuations will affect the motion of charged particles. A major part of the Lamb shift in a hydrogen atom can be understood as the contribution to the energy from the interaction of the electron with these zero point oscillations of the electromagnetic field. The qualitative explanation runs as follows the mean square of the electric and magnetic field intensities in the vacuum state is equal to... 

The foundation of our approach is the analytic calculations of the perturbed wave-functions for a hydrogenic atom in the presence of a constant and uniform electric field. The resolution into parabolic coordinates is derived from the early quantum calculation of the Stark effect (29). Let us recall that for an atom, in a given Stark eigenstate, we have ... 

The Hamiltonian operator for a hydrogen atom in a uniform external electric field E along the z-coordinate axis is... 

Fig. 1.28. The change in sticking coefficient of atoms of hydrogen during doping of film of ZnO by atoms of Ag (/), Zn (2) and applying the transverse electric field to the film O) [198, 199]...

In many problems for which no direct solution can be obtained, there is a wave equation which differs but slightly from one that can be solved analytically. As an example, consider die hydrogen atom, a problem that was resolved in Section 6.6. Suppose now that an electric field is applied to the atom. The energy levels of the atom are affected by the field, an example of the Stark effect. If die field (due to the potential difference between two electrodes, for example) is gradually reduced, the system approaches that of the unperturbed hydrogen atom. 

Consider a hydrogen atom under the influence of an electric field, [Pg.155]

We can divide commodity plastics into two classes excellent and moderate insulators. Polymers that have negligible polar character, typically those containing only carbon-carbon and carbon-hydrogen bonds, fall into the first class. This group includes polyethylene, polypropylene, and polystyrene. Polymers made from polar monomers are typically modest insulators, due to the interaction of their dipoles with electrical fields. We can further divide moderate insulators into those that have dipoles that involve backbone atoms, such as polyvinyl chloride and polyamides, and those with polar bonds remote from the backbone, such as poly(methyl methacrylate) and poly(vinyl acetate). Dipoles involving backbone atoms are less susceptible to alignment with an electrical field than those remote from the backbone. 

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