Hydroformylation catalytic SILP materials

Abstract The principle of catalytic SILP materials involves surface modification of a porous solid material by an ionic liquid coating. Ionic liquids are salts with melting points below 100 °C, generally characterized by extremely low volatilities. In the examples described in this paper, the ionic liquid coating contains a homogeneously dissolved Rh-complex and constitutes a uniform, thin film, which itself displays the catalytic reactivity in the system. Continuous fixed-bed reactor technology has been applied successfully to demonstrate the feasibility of catalytic SILP materials for propene hydroformylation and methanol carbonylation. 

The use of catalytic SILP materials has been reviewed recently [10] covering Friedel-Crafts reactions [33-37], hydroformylations (Rh-catalyzed) [38], hydrogenation (Rh-catalyzed) [39,40], Heck reactions (Pd-catalyzed) [41], and hydroaminations (Rh-, Pd-, and Zn-catalyzed) [42]. Since then, the SILP concept has been extended to additional catalytic reactions and alternative support materials. In this paper we will present results from continuous, fixed-bed carbonylation and hydroformylation reactions using rhodium-based SILP catalysts as reaction examples demonstrating the advantages of the SILP technology for bulk chemical production. 

In 2003, the SILP concept was applied successfully to the continuous Rh-catalyzed hydroformylation in a gas-phase reaction by Riisager et al. [13]. The catalytic material was synthesized by impregnation as shown in Figure 4.3. As support material, commercially available silica gel 100 with a BET surface area of approximately 300 m g h pore volume of about 1.0 cm g and mean pore diameter of 137A was used. As ILs [BMIM][PF, ] or [BMIM][ -C8Hj70S03] and as catalyst a combination of [Rh(acac)(CO)2] and three different phosphine ligands... 

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