Hydroforming process

Several processes based on non-precious metal also exist. Because of high catalyst deactivation rates with these catalyst systems, they all require some form of continuous regeneration. The Fluid Hydroforming process uses fluid solids techniques to move catalyst between reactor and regenerator TCR and Hyperforming use some form of a moving bed system. 

Another approach to scale-up is the use of simplified models with key parameters or lumped coefficients found by experiments in large beds. For example, May (1959) used a large scale cold reactor model during the scale-up of the fluid hydroforming process. When using the large cold models, one must be sure that the cold model properly simulates the hydrodynamics of the real process which operates at elevated pressure and temperature. 

Considerable development work has been and is now being carried out by many organizations to improve or replace the original catalyst as well as the component parts of the hydroforming unit itself. This paper describes a new and improved hydroforming process, which permits continuous operation through the use of a powdered or fluid catalyst. The new process is compared with thermal reforming and with the intermittent or cyclic fixed-bed process employed in the commercial plants mentioned above. 

The pentane fractions produced in the hydroforming process will normally contain approximately 60% isopentanes. 

The general use of automotive engines now being marketed with compression ratios higher than 7 or 8 to 1 awaits the widespread production of motor fuels on the order of 95 CFRR octane clear (1). The fluid catalyst hydroforming process is capable of meeting this challenge. 

Hydroforming (Sheets and Tubes), Table 1 Fields of application of hydroforming processes ... 

Hydroforming processes are commonly divided into two groups tube hydroforming (THF) and sheet hydroforming (SHF). 

Alaswad A, Benyounis KY, Olabi AG (2012) Tube hydroforming process a reference guide. Mater Des 33 328-339. doi 10.1016/j.matdes.2011.07.052... 

Hydroforming Hydroforming is one of the new technologies in the manufacturing processes that has become popular in recent years due to the increasing demands for lightweight parts in various fields, such as bicycle, automotive, aircraft, and aerospace industries [ 1 ]. In hydroforming process, workpieces are uniformly plastically formed (stretched) in every direction under hydrostatic pressure up to 6000 bar (mostly up to 2500-3000 bar) of a fluid (water or oil) in a controlled manner. The final shape of the hydroformed piece results from the contact with the process fluid from one side and with a male or female die from the other side. 

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