Hydrocracking reforming

To produce the maximum yield of finished gasoline in a hydrocracker-reformer combination, the hydrocracker should be operated to give maximum liquid yields, followed by a modem low pressure catalytic reformer to give the desired octane improvement (6). More severe hydrocracker operation produces higher octane naphtha but leads to an increase in the production of butanes with reduced yields of finished... 

This article is a brief review of the state of the art in the use of Nuclear Magnetic Resonance for studpng deactivation of zeolite based catalysts which occurs during cracking, hydrocracking, reforming and isomerization reactions. 

After hydrotreating naphtha ex hydrocracking Reformate (from naptha ex hydrocracking LGO)... 

Tungsten alloyed with nickel, cobalt, or rhodium in thin layers on alumina supports, also sulfided, is used on an industrial scale as a catalyst in crude oil processing (hydrotreating, hydrocracking, reforming, hydrodesulfurization, and hydrodenitrogenation), as well as in Fischer-Tropsch synthesis (alcohol formation from CO + H2). 

Of the main reactions, aromatization takes place most readily and proceeds ca 7 times as fast as the dehydroisomerization reaction and ca 20 times as fast as the dehydrocyclization. Hence, feeds richest in cycloparaftins are most easily reformed. Hydrocracking to yield paraffins having a lower boiling point than feedstock proceeds at about the same rate as dehydrocyclization. 

Catalytic Reforming. Worldwide, approximately 30% of commercial benzene is produced by catalytic reforming, a process ia which aromatic molecules are produced from the dehydrogenation of cycloparaffins, dehydroisomerization of alkyl cyclopentanes, and the cycHzation and subsequent dehydrogenation of paraffins (36). The feed to the catalytic reformer may be a straight-mn, hydrocracked, or thermally cracked naphtha fraction ia the... 

In addition to straight run naphthas, 70—190°C cuts obtained by distillation from streams produced by cracking high boiling petroleum fractions can also be used as feed to reformers. Naphthas produced by hydrocracking are particularly suitable. 

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