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Alkyl cyclopentanes

The name naphthenic acid is derived from the early discovery of monobasic carboxyUc acids in petroleum, with these acids being based on a saturated single-ring stmcture. The low molecular weight naphthenic acids contain alkylated cyclopentane carboxyUc acids, with smaller amounts of cyclohexane derivatives occurring. The carboxyl group is usually attached to a side chain rather than direcdy attached to the cycloalkane. The simplest naphthenic acid is cyclopentane acetic acid [1123-00-8] (1, n = 1). [Pg.509]

Catalytic Reforming. Worldwide, approximately 30% of commercial benzene is produced by catalytic reforming, a process ia which aromatic molecules are produced from the dehydrogenation of cycloparaffins, dehydroisomerization of alkyl cyclopentanes, and the cycHzation and subsequent dehydrogenation of paraffins (36). The feed to the catalytic reformer may be a straight-mn, hydrocracked, or thermally cracked naphtha fraction ia the... [Pg.40]

All lation. CPD can be multiply alkylated in high yields using alkyl haUdes, oxo alcohols, and Guerbet alcohols (35—36). After hydrogenation of the diene products, these so-called multiply alkylated cyclopentanes (6), where R = C Hg -C20 and m = 2-6, have been demonstrated to be useful as synthetic lubricants. [Pg.432]

In the first of these sequences, often called the Torgov-Smith synthesis, the initial step consists in condensation of a 2-alkyl-cyclopentane-l,3-dione with the allyl alcohol obtained from 6-methoxy-l-tetralone and vinylmagnesium chloride. Although this reaction at first sight resembles a classic SN displacement, the reaction is actually carried out with only a trace of base. [Pg.167]

The naphthenic acids in crude oil are primarily monocarboxylic acids possessing an alkylated, cyclopentane single-ring structure. Fused ring, branched aliphatic and dicarboxylic acid compounds are also found in lower numbers. Most species contain 10 carbon atoms, but 20-carbon-atom species have been identified. [Pg.38]

Among the isomeric C7 alkyl cyclopentanes, the approximate relative amounts of the monoalkyl and the sum of the dialkyl isomers are ethyl isomer, 1 sum of the five dimethyl isomers, 10. [Pg.348]

The gasoline fraction of different crudes may be characterized by specifying the relative amounts of the following five main classes of hydrocarbons n-paraffins, branched paraffins, alkyl cyclopentanes, alkyl cyclohexanes, and alkyl benzenes. [Pg.351]

Smittenberg, J., and D. Mulder, Relation Between Refraction, Density and Structure of Series of Homologous Hydrocarbons II. Refraction and Density at 20°C of n-Alkyl-cyclopentanes, -cyclohexanes and -benzenes. Recueil, 1948 67, 826-838. [Pg.51]

Figs. 59 and 6o. Diagrams representing specific refraction vs. and specific parachor vs., based on A.P.I. data of n-alkanes, n-alkyl-cyclopentanes and n-alkyl-cyclohexanes at 20°C. ... [Pg.65]

Petrov and Shchekin (297) showed that below the cracking temperature (250-316°C.) cyclohexene undergoes over silica-alumina hydrogen disproportionation and dimerization. Identical results were obtained from 1-methyl-l-cyclopentene. Ring expansion of lower alkylated cyclopentanes occurs simultaneously with polymerization. However, no bicyclic compounds with similar rings were formed. [Pg.275]

Turova-Polyak and co-workers have carried out extensive studies of naphthene isomerization with AICI3, particularly of the substituted cyclopentanes. The conversion of mono- and disubstituted cyclopentanes to cyclohexanes was reported as an analytical technique for the determination of cyclopentanes in mixture with paraffins (411). Ethyl-cyclopentane at room temperature gave an 18-20% yield of cyclohexane derivatives (412). At 140-145°, an 85% yield of 1,3,5-trimethyl-cyclohexane was obtained. This work was also extended to 1,1-dimethyl-cyclopentane (410), up to 95% of which was converted to methyl-cyclohexane at 115°. Similar conversions of alkylated cyclopentanes were also reported by Shulkin and Plate (375). These researches parallel similar work done in the United States. [Pg.285]

Although specific biological sources for alkyl-cyclopentanes (3) are unknown, the distribution... [Pg.3942]

Estratriene Series. The Wyeth chemists have published details of their work > > > on the total synthesis of estratriene derivatives prepared mainly for biological evaluation. In addition they described also a new total synthesis of equilin. The Merck group working along similar lines has found that IV is easily prepared from III and can be used to alkylate 2-alkyl-cyclopentane-l,5-diones in cases where III fails. - They also... [Pg.313]

Multiply Alkylated Cyclopentanes, MACs Multiply alkylated cyclopentanes are a relatively new class of fluids prepared from dicyclopentadiene by reaction with aliphatic alcohols. Typical examples of commercial MAC fluids are shown in Table 12.5. The properties of this class of fluid are tailored by varying the nature of the alcohol in the synthesis. Vast ranges have been achieved. These fluids readily absorb additives. Pennzane SHF-X2000 has been under intensive investigation and is now widely used in spacecraft mechanisms. [Pg.379]

H i-(alkoxycarboiiyl)alkyl]cyclopentane- 2-alkene-l,8>dioate diester 1834... [Pg.1105]


See other pages where Alkyl cyclopentanes is mentioned: [Pg.92]    [Pg.92]    [Pg.651]    [Pg.217]    [Pg.79]    [Pg.347]    [Pg.347]    [Pg.348]    [Pg.350]    [Pg.651]    [Pg.43]    [Pg.57]    [Pg.14]    [Pg.103]    [Pg.273]    [Pg.177]    [Pg.204]    [Pg.216]    [Pg.271]    [Pg.2166]    [Pg.2166]    [Pg.2166]    [Pg.2166]    [Pg.2166]    [Pg.494]    [Pg.148]    [Pg.1105]    [Pg.1105]    [Pg.1105]    [Pg.1105]   
See also in sourсe #XX -- [ Pg.275 ]

See also in sourсe #XX -- [ Pg.275 ]




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Cyclopentanes

Cyclopentanes, alkyl-substituted—

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