Oil hydrocracking

As a means of preparing high percentages of diesel fuels with good quality from the hydrocracked oil, a batch distillation of the oil was made in a packed laboratory distillation column in which a first fraction was removed at a corrected column head... 

The commercial Co-Mo catalysts used for hydrocracking oil sands bitumen and petroleum residua are normally supported on alumina. Several years ago hydrodesLilphuriEation (HDS) studies with thiophene (ref. 1) indicated that carbon supported catalysts were superior to alumina supported ones. However HDS of benzothiophene (ref. 2) was found to be greater on alumina supported catalysts than on carbon supported ones. Studies of these two supports were performed in our laboratory with Athabasca bitumen (ref, 3). Care was required in choosing the particular carbon support since carbons which have very large surface areas also have small pore sizes which would inhibit or perhaps exclude some of the larger molecular species in resid feedstocks, such as Athabasca bitumen The wide pore carbon that vas available, had a surface area and a rredian pore diameter that were respectively half and more than double those of the alumina support used for comparison. 

An SSF spectrum of a standard mixture of several of the PAHs found in a typical hydrocracker oil is shown in Figure 6, while that of an oil sample is shown in Figure 7. Quantitation is accomplished by generating a calibration curve from known concentrations of dicoronylene or by spiking samples through standard additions. 

Figure 7. Synchronous-scanning fluorescence spectrum of a hydrocracker oil sample.

The friction properties LB 106 and L-P106 were studied as 1 wt.% additives of a mineral hydrocracking oil for steel/steel contacts [61]. It was found that LB 106 and L-P106 increased the viscosity of the base oil and decreased friction and wear. These are attributed to reactivity of the anion of the ILs with the steel surfaces, forming FeFj, B Oj, and species, such as P Oj or PO. ... 

Vis of Various Hydrocarbon Types from Multiple Regressions and Compositional Analyses on Hydrocracked Oils... 

Further evidence for the desirability of removing aromatics and polyaromatics in hydrocracked base stocks came from a Mobil35 study in 1994 which found that ASTM D943 times increased as aromatics and polyaromatics levels were reduced by hydrotreating. In this study, which was one of the first to focus on hydrocracked stocks, ASTM D943 tests were run on a number of first- and second-stage hydrocracked oils and several solvent refined reference stocks. 

Examples of both solvent refined and hydrocracked-hydrofinished finished base stock compositions are shown in Table 8.2,3 where it can be seen that hydrocracked oils have exceptionally low levels of sulfur and aromatics compared to those obtained by solvent refining. 

---