Hydrocarbon layer model structure energy

The ideas underlying elemental structures models are to establish microstructures experimentally, to compute free energies and chemical potentials from models based on these structures, and to use the chemical potentials to construct phase diagrams. Jonsson and Wennerstrom have used this approach to predict the phase diagrams of water, hydrocarbon, and ionic surfactant mixtures [18]. In their model, they assume the surfactant resides in sheetlike structures with heads on one side and tails on the other side of the sheet. They consider five structures spheres, inverted (reversed) spheres, cylinders, inverted cylinders, and layers (lamellar). These structures are indicated in Fig. 12. Nonpolar regions (tails and oil) are cross-hatched. For these elemental structures, Jonsson and Wennerstrom include in the free energy contributions from the electrical double layer on the water... 

One reaction model that explains these results has been proposed [165]. The hydrogen atom is transferred to the ethylene molecule that is weakly adsorbed on top of the ethylidyne and in the second layer perhaps by forming an ethyl idene intermediate. This model of hydrogen transfer from hydrocarbons to ethylene was first proposed by Thomson and Webb [175]. This mechanism is of the Eley-Rideal type and is characterized by low activation energy and structure insensitivity. 

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