Big Chemical Encyclopedia

Chemical substances, components, reactions, process design ...

Articles Figures Tables About

Hydrated protons, speed

What would this speed be if the hydrated proton were of the form H+(HaO)24 ... [Pg.304]

In the photoaddition of water (equation 30) or acetic acid (equation 31) to alkynes it seems likely that ionic addition occurs by protonation of the alkyne excited state, particularly in view of the observation that the hydration reaction is speeded up by acid and retarded by base. The sensitized addition of acetic acid to medium-ring cycloalkynes to give enol acetates (equation 32) is strongly reminiscent of the analogous addition to cycloalkenes, which has been shown to go by way of protonation of the highly strained /ra/is-cycloalkene. [Pg.18]

Carbonic anhydrases catalyze the reaction of water with carbon dioxide to generate carbonic acid. The catalysis can be extremely fast molecules of some carbonic anhydrases hydrate carbon dioxide at rates as high as 1 million times per second. A tightly bound zinc ion is a crucial component of the active sites of these enzymes. Each zinc ion binds a water molecule and promotes its deprotonation to generate a hydroxide ion at neutral pH. This hydroxide attacks carbon dioxide to form bicarbonate ion, HCO3 ". Because of the physiological roles of carbon dioxide and bicarbonate ions, speed is of the essence for this enzyme. To overcome limitations imposed by the rate of proton transfer from the zinc-bound water molecule, the most active carbonic anhydrases have evolved a proton shuttle to transfer protons to a buffer. [Pg.395]


See other pages where Hydrated protons, speed is mentioned: [Pg.635]    [Pg.385]    [Pg.50]    [Pg.537]    [Pg.574]    [Pg.300]    [Pg.17]    [Pg.66]   
See also in sourсe #XX -- [ Pg.189 ]




SEARCH



Hydrates, proton

© 2024 chempedia.info