Human serum albumin carrier

Proteins are water-soluble biopolymers with a huge number of potential donor atoms and coordination sites which could make them useful carriers of metal complex catalysts. Indeed, a few successful attempts can be found in the literature [139] but often the interaction of proteins and metal complexes lead to a loss of catalytic activity [140]. This was not the case with human serum albumin (HSA) which formed a stable and active catalytically active complex with [Rh(acac)(CO)2]. In the hydroformylation of 1-octene and styrene the selectivity towards aldehydes was excellent, moreover styrene reacted with high regioselectivity (b/1 = 19). The activity... 

Bovine senun albumin y-Globulin Fibrinogen Rabbit anti-mouse Thymocyte IgG Concavalin A Human serum albumin BK 19.45 IgG BK 19.9 IgG Rabbit IgG (polyclonal) (carrier free)... 

To become immunogenic, a hapten has to be linked with a large molecule, such as a protein, prior to its introduction into the host animal. Several proteins can act as such carrier molecules including bovine serum albumin, human serum albumin, ovalbumin, thyroglobulin, poly-L-lysine, and hemocyanin. Among these proteins, bovine serum albumin is most commonly used because it is inexpensive, readily available, very soluble, highly immunogenic, and, in addition, resists denaturatlon (3). 

Instead of using human serum albumin as a carrier protein, other workers (135) utilized ovalbumin for preparing the diazotized clenbuterol antigen in an enzyme immunoassay developed for screening of clenbuterol residues in bovine urine, liver, and eye. Alkaline phosphatase rather than -galactosidase was also used as an enzyme label in the preparation of the enzyme-clenbuterol conjugate. 

E. J. F. Franssen, R. W. Jansen, M. Vaalburg, and D. K. F. Meijer, Hepatic and intrahepatic targeting of an anti-inflammatory agent with human serum albumin and neoglycoproteins as carrier molecules, Biochem. Pharmacol. 45 1215-1226 (1993). 

One can be relatively certain that a protein will be immunogenic if it has a molecular weight >10,000 and if it is immunochemi-cally foreign to the animal receiving the antigen. One should also consider the ultimate use of the antibody when choosing the carrier protein. For instance, human serum albumin would be a poor carrier for a hapten if the resulting antibody were to be used to monitor human blood samples by immunodiffusion. 

David, S.A., Balaram, P., Mathan, V.I. Characterization of the interaction of lipid A and lipopolysaccharide with human serum albumin implications for an endotoxin-carrier function for albumin. J Endotoxin Res 2 (1995a) 99-106. 

Mutations in a human serum albumin gene that substitute either histidine or proline for arginine at position 218 increase binding affinity for T4. These mutations are autosomal dominant and occur with relatively high frequency. Carriers of these mutations have high levels of total serum T4 but their free-T4 and TSH concentrations are within the normal range. Individuals are euthyroid (normal thyroid) and their conditions are known as familial dysalbumine-mic hyperthyroxinemia (FDH). 

Figure 35.7 Structure of the drug carrier human serum albumin. Seven hydrophobic molecules (in red) are shown bound to the molecule. [Drawn from IBKE.pdb.]... 

Tolyl-specific IgE antibodies have now however also been demonstrated in exposed sensitive workers by Karol et al. (1978 a Karol and Alarie 1980). p-Tolyl(mono)isocyanate was coupled with human serum albumin for the paper (disc) radioimmunosorbent test (PRIST). There was no correlation between high titres of tolyl-specific IgE antibodies and levels of total serum IgE, in contrast to the findings with the platinum salts described earlier in which non-specific uptake of IgE could occur. The level of tolyl-specific antibodies decreased with cessation of exposure, as was the case with the platinum salts. The use of the monofunctional isocyanate prevented cross-linking of the carrier proteins which usually occurs with TDI, and ensured that the tolyl group was sterically exposed. The tolyl specificity... 

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