Movement hormone

Another important factor of hormone-hormone interaction is the hormonal control of hormonal movement and polarity. Thus, various cytokinins have been reported to increase the polar movement of indole acetic acid and vice versa. Gibberellin treatment was shown also under cer- bain circumstances to increase the basipetal auxin movement. On the other hand, abscisic acid decreases the auxin movement and ethylene, according to some evidence, the gibberellin movement, perhaps through a promotion of conjugation of the auxins with aspartate and of the gibberellins with glucose (cf. Eef. 27). 

Well before the discovery of auxins and gibberellins during the 1920 s hormone movement had been suggested as occurring in plants. As early as in 1879 Julius Sachs, considering observations on correlations between main axes and side shoots, proposed substances other than nutrients as involved in these phenom-... 

Evaluation of Estimation and Interpretation of Hormone Movement 3.3.3.1 Does Auxin Move in a Stream ... 

Rapid eye movement sleep. Sleep stage characterized by rapid movements of the eyes and asynchronous EEG activity in the theta-frequency (5-10Hz) range. Counterpart is slow wave sleep, characterized by other electrophysiological (synchronized low frequency l-2Hz, large amplitude EEG and neuronal sharp wave-ripple oscillations) and endocrine (growth hormone surge) activities. 

Movement to intracellular receptors (steroid hormones a form of diffusion)... 

Secretory diarrhea results in an increase in the net movement (secretion) of ions into the intestinal lumen leading to an increase in intraluminal fluid. Medications, hormones, and toxins may be responsible for secretory activity. 

In living systems, proteins function as catalysts (enzymes), for defense (antibodies, immunoglobulins), signal transduction (hormones, receptors), metabolic regulation (hormones, enzymes, receptors, ion channels), movement (microtubules), and architecture (structural proteins such as collagen). 

Figure 14.10 Diagrammatic representation of regulation of the opening of an ion channel by phosphoiylation of a protein in the channel. The neurotransmitter-receptor complex functions as a nucleotide exchange factor to activate a G-protein which then activates a protein kinase. This is identical to control of G-proteins in the action of hormones (Chapter 12, see Figure 12.21). Phosphorylation of a protein in the ion channel opens it to allow movement of Na+ ions. The formation of the complex, activation of the G-protein and the kinase takes place on the postsynaptic membrane. An example of the structural organisation and the involvement of a G-protein is shown in Chapter 12 (Figure 12.6).

Note. GH = growth hormone NREM = non rapid eye movement REM = rapid eye movement. 

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