Hormonal contraceptives-transdermal

An older 19-norprogesterone (ST 1435, Merck Darmstadt) was used experimentally in a transdermal form as a possible hormonal contraceptive. A dose of 0.8-1 mg/day was needed to inhibit ovulation in all subjects. There was some irregularity of bleeding, and some subjects had breast tenderness (62). 

Goa KL, Warner GT, Easthope SE. Transdermal ethynyl estradiol/norelgestromin a review of its use in hormonal contraception. Treat Endocrinol... 

Henzl MR, Loomba PK. Transdermal delivery of sex steroids for hormone replacement therapy and contraception a review of principles and practice. Reprod Med 2003 48 525-40. 

EE and most progestogens undergo extensive first-pass metabolism in the liver and gut wall, reducing their oral bioavailability. To avoid first-pass metabolism progestogens and EE can be absorbed transdermally via the combined contraceptive patch. Some hormones are metabolised... 

EVAc has been used in the fabrication of a variety of devices for drug delivery. For example, EVAc was used by Alza in devices to deliver pilocarpine to the surface of the eye for glaucoma treatment (Ocusert). Currently, EVAc is used in the Progestasert intra-uterine device for the delivery of contraceptive hormones to the female reproductive tract and as a rate-controlling membrane in a number of transdermal devices. Since EVAc is one of the most biocompatible of the polymers that have been tested as implant materials [30], it has been widely studied as a matrix for controlled drug delivery (see [31, 32] for reviews). 

Vogler MA, Patterson K, Kamemoto L, Park J-G, Watts H, Aweeka F, KUngman KL, Cohn SE. Contraceptive efficacy of oral and transdermal hormones when co-administered with protease inhibitors in HIV-l-infected women. Pharmacokinetic results of ACTG trial A5188. J Acquir Immune Defic Dis 2010 55 473-82. 

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