Homogeneous noise

Figure 12 shows the appropriately calculated detection threshold in the pure noise situation (12 a). This homogeneous noise model with unknown noise power was the motivation to develop CA-CFAR. The... 

Homogeneity of data. Homogeneous data will be uniform in structure and composition, usually possible to describe with a fixed number of parameters. Homogeneous data is encountered in simple NDT inspection, e.g. quality control in production. Inhomogeneous data will contain various combinations of indications from construction elements, defects and noise sources. An example of inhomogenous data are ultrasonic B-scan images as described in [Hopgood, 1993] or as encountered in the ultrasonic rail-inspection system described later in this paper. 

The smallest difference of the optical density which the human eye can discern is approximately AD = 0.01 at density 2-2.5 provided the two areas with this density difference are of homogeneous density ( no noise) and of sufficient size, respectively. The limiting values of the granularity of the classes Cl to C6 of EN 584-1 vary between 0.018 to 0.039, ... 

Couto et al. [11] developed a flow injection system with potentiometric detection for determination of TC, OTC, and CTC in pharmaceutical products. A homogeneous crystalline CuS/Ag2S double membrane tubular electrode was used to monitor the Cu(II) decrease due to its complexation with OTC. The system allows OTC determination within a 49.1 1.9 x 103 ppm and a precision better than 0.4%. A flow injection method for the assay of OTC, TC, and CTC in pharmaceutical formulations was also developed by Wangfuengkanagul et al. [12] using electrochemical detection at anodized boron-doped diamond thin-film electrode. The detection limit was found to be 10 nM (signal-to-noise ratio = 3). 

Pure clutter or noise situations with fully homogeneous statistic... 

The principal advantage of using (6.184) to determine u is that the feedback of statistical noise through the particle-pressure field in (6.178) will be minimized by solving (6.185) for (U). Indeed, for homogeneous turbulence, (6.184) is independent of X ... 

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