Homogeneous Hybrid

Transparent, homogeneous hybrids using a 50 50 PVAc-to-TEOS mixture and an acid-catalyzed reaction have been produced and characterized by dsc and dms (46). Dsc indicated only a slight increase in the T of the hybrid with incorporation of sihca. Dynamic mechanical tan 8 responses indicate a strong interaction between the organic and inorganic phases and, hence, weU-dispersed phases that lead to high modulus mbbery plateaus. 

Transparent, homogeneous hybrids using a 50 50 PVP-to-TEOS mixture and an acid-catalyzed reaction have been reported, but only tga data were presented in the way of characterization (46). 

Homogeneous hybridization assays are analyses for the detection of a given DNA/RNA sequence by hybridization without separation processes (B/F separation). These assays form a basis of real-time PCR as described below. Furthermore, sufficiently sensitive homogeneous hybridization assays could be done without PCR and enable, for example, direct detections of certain mRNA forms expressed in cells. This type of experiment has been actually performed with some organic fluorophores (Peng et al., 2005 Santangelo et al., 2006). 

Fig. 14. Examples of homogeneous hybridization assay methods (F luminophore, Q quencher, D donor, A acceptor). Thick lines represent DNA strands. Open circles on DNA strands indicate a SNP/mutation site for Molecular Beacon and insertion/deletion sites for dual FRET probe and dual FRET Molecular Beacon when these methods are applied to SNP/mutation typing or deletion/insertion detection. The solid circle on die strand indicates the complementary site.

Fig. 2 Different paths to obtain hybrid materials from molecular sources. Path A Sol-gel routes (Al conventional route for hybrid nanocomposites, A2 molecularly homogenous hybrids). Path B Assembly of nanobuilding blocks (ANBB), of prefunctionalized or postfunctionalized clusters or nanoparticles. Route C or D involve the use of templates capable of self-assembly, giving rise to organized phases. Path E involves integrative synthesis combining precedent paths from A to D and other processes, such as the use of lithography, casting, organogels or latex beads as templates, controlled phase separations, or external fields. (From Ref. l) (View this art in color at www.dekker.com.)...

With monodecylphosphate and phosphotungstic acid, flexible, transparent and homogeneous hybrid membrane materials could be synthesised. The temperature stability reached 250° C, and the conductivity of the humidified membrane reached 1 X 10- Scm- at80°C. 

PAN-based gel electrolytes have been widely investigated as the plasticizer and salt components are molecularly dispersed to form homogenous, hybrid electrolyte films. The PAN in the gel electrolyte is deemed to mainly act as an encapsulating matrix material. PAN-based... 

---