Homogeneous catalytic activation

PaRshall, Homogeneous catalytic activation of C-H bonds, Acc. Chem. Res. 8, 113-7 (1975). 

Experimental and Theoretical Studies of Mechanisms in the Homogeneous Catalytic Activation of Carbon Monoxide... 

A similar situation was observed (Kremer 2003) during the homogeneous catalytic activation of H2O2 in the presence of Fe Fe ions disappear from the bulk solution at the initial stage of the Fenton chemistry and they are not regenerated to maintain the redox chain. 

Homogeneous catalytic activation of C—H bonds has also been recently summarized.60915 Thus, RuHCl(PPh3)3 catalyzes the exchange of ortho hydrogens on the phenyl groups of triphenylphosphine with deuterium gas. Under similar conditions, TaH5 (dmpe)2 [where dmpe = (CH3)2PCH2CH2P(CH3)2] catalyzes the deuterium substitution in the meta and para positions.609 Ex-... 

Lyons, J. E. Homogeneous catalytic activation of oxygen for selective oxidations. In Fundamental Research in Homogeneous Catalysis. Tsutsui, M., Ugo, R. (eds.), pp. 1-52 New York, Plenum Press 1977... 

Homogeneous catalytic activation of C—H bonds occurs by initial cleavage of a C—H bond to give a C—M—H species. The C—M bond is then cleaved with a reagent such as Dj of CI2 to give a substituted product. 

One important mechanism for homogeneous catalytic activation of aromatic C—H bonds is electrophilic attack by transition-metal complexes on the aromatic substrates. It is presumed t -aryl complexes are important intermediates in these reactions, but they are rarely isolated. Direct electrophilic metallation of aromatic substrates is closely related to reactions observed with nontransition metals ( 5.6., auration 5.7.2., mercuration and 5.3., thallation - ). References to metal-aryl complexes synthesized by electrophilic attack on arenes by transition metals are sununarized in Table 1. Reviews are available " . 

H., in Homogeneous Catalytic Activation of Dioxygen, L. I. Simandi (Editor),Studies in Surface Science and Catalysis, Vol. 66, Elsevier, Amsterdam, 1991, p. 445. 

Although the homogeneous catalytic activity of metal clusters has been recently the subject of a series of investigations [100], direct evidence that a real metal cluster cage is maintained as such under catalytic conditions is lacking in most cases. However, the recent work done with clusters as Ni4(CNR)7 [149], Rht(CO)ie [150,151], or Ru3(CO)i2 [152] has shown that small clusters can display, under particular conditions, catalytic activity in reactions such as cyclisation of acetylene and butadiene [149], polymerization of allene [149], oxidation of ketones [150], oxidation with O2 of CO to CO2 [150], conversion of hydrogen and carbon monoxide to methanol... 

Shvo Y, Laine RM (1980) Homogeneous catalytic activation of C-N bonds. Alkyl exchange between tertiary amines. J Chem Soc, Chem Commun 16 753-754... 

Homogeneous catalytic activity is retained by transition metal complexes on binding to the resin. 

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