Hologram optical elements

This article presents methods of synthesis and objective control of special flat optical elements (computer-synthesized holograms) as elements of protection. Due to the limited number of pages, we cannot go into great detail to explain the technology of how computer-synthesized holograms are created. The goal of this publication is to discuss following subjects ... 

Another important optical phenomena that relies on light interference and diffraction is holography, the process by which holograms (interference patterns) are produced. Whilst holograms are best known for the reproduction of near perfect 3D images of an object in the graphic arts, they also find apphcations in newer areas such as laser eye protection, LCDs, diffractive optical elements, optical processing... 

The interest to static volume holograms with thickness of several millimeters is due, mainly, to their use in research and in creation of holographic optical elements (HOE) of various purposes with unique parameters (Sukhanov et al., 1984 Ludman at al., 1997 Popov, et al., 2000 Luo, at al., 2008). Requirements to materials for recording of such holograms are rather specific and cannot be met when using traditional light-sensitive materials. 

Any diffractive optical element may be computer-generated (CGH, computergenerated hologram) or designed directly using a physical interference pattern, either from some object or generated in an interferometer. 

---