Hole utilization factor

Of course, it is lrequently desirable to utilize a controlled directional drilling technique. There are several reasons, as indicated by Fig. 15. The three most commonly patterned directional holes are shown in Fig. 16. The planned course of direction depends upon several factors, including rig capacity, hole size, mud program, types of formation, and the casing program. Meticulous surveying is required to achieve the desired results. Several types of drilling tools may be required. 

The microwave equipment consisted of a microwave generator (85 W) and a tunable cavity operating in the TE mode, while temperature was monitored using a fiber-optic temperature sensor. The samples were maintained in a Teflon vessel of 1.5 cm diameter hole and 1.5 cm deep. During a typical run, 25 W of micro-wave power was required to heat the sample to the desired temperature over 80-200 s. It was demonstrated that microwave irradiation increased the rate of solution imidization over that obtained for conventional treatment by a factor of 20-34, depending on the reaction temperature. The apparent activation energy for this imidization, determined from an Arrhenius analysis, was reduced from 105 to 55 kj/mol when microwave activation was utilized rather than conventional thermal processing. 

The problems of Mie scattering can be reduced by utilizing the confocality of the microscope configuration. The Mie scattered radiation is not collimated and thus is not transmitted by the confocal hole. Improvements of signal to background of a factor of 10 have been demonstrated in this way (see Figure 4.16). 

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