Hippocampus dentate granule cells

Isokawa, M (1996) Decrement of GABAa receptor mediated inhibitory postysynaptic currents in dentate granule cells in epileptic hippocampus. J. Neurophysiol. 75 1901-1908. 

Normally the dentate granule cells of hippocampus limit excessive activation of their targets, the CA3 pyramidal cells 632... 

Ribak, C. E., Korn, M. J., Shan, Z. and Obenaus,A. Dendritic growth cones and recurrent basal dendrites are typical features of newly generated dentate granule cells in the adult hippocampus. Brain Res. 1000 195-199, 2004. 

Yoneda Y., Ogita K., Azuma Y., Kuramoto N., Manabe T., and Kitayama T. (1999). Predominant expression of nuclear activator protein-1 complex with DNA binding activity following systemic administration ofN-methyl-D-aspartate in dentate granule cells of murine hippocampus. Neuroscience 93 19-31. 

Dudek, F., Obenaus, A., Schweitzer, J., Wuarin, J. (1994). Functional significance of hippocampal plasticity in epileptic brain electrophysiological changes of the dentate granule cells associated with mossy fiber sprouting. Hippocampus 4 259-65. 

Fig. 14. Expression of the NMDA receptor NR2 subunit mRNAs in the dentate gyrus of the adult rat hippocampus (emulsion autoradiographs). DG, dentate granule cells arrows indicate examples of labelled cells. (Monyer et al., 1992, 1994). Scale bar, 50 p,m.

Fig. 16. The developmental expression of GluR-C flop in the rat hippocampus during the first two postnatal weeks (X-ray film, horizontal sections). Arrowheads indicate examples of labelled cells. Hi, hippocampus Ctx, cortex DG, dentate granule cells Ent, entorhinal cortex S, subiculum PRh, perirhinal cortex. Scale bar, 0.8 mm (Monyer et al., 1991 Wisden, Seeburg and Monyer, unpublished).

I. Some smaller cells in layer Ila lack basal dendrites (Haberly and Price, 1978b) and are reminiscent of dentate granule cells in the hippocampus. Layer III is a thicker but less densely packed cellular layer containing larger pyramidal cells whose dendrites also extend throughout layer I. Layer III also contains large multipolar cells whose dendrites do not enter layer I and other intrinsic neuronal types. Layer III exhibits a superficial... 

Fig. 3.4 Left and right hippocampus in human hypoglycemia to show asymmetry of brain damage. The dentate granule cells are depleted on the left, but the normal band of well-populated dentate granule cells is seen on the right. Cresyl violet striin (See also Color Insert)...

Nadler and Cuthbertson (1980) have examined the effects of prior transection of hippocampal pathways on the pattern of neural vulnerability to kainic acid. Lesion of the entorhinal- (Kohler et al, 1978) or septo-hippocampal pathways protects dentate granule cells and most of the CA1 pyramidal cells from the neurotoxic effects of kainate injected into the hippocampus three days after the lesion. When both pathways are interrupted, the CA2 pyramidal cells also survive. However, disruption of the mossy fiber or commisural innervation to the hippocampus does not attenuate kainate s neurotoxicity on the hippocampal pyramidal cells. Notably, septal lesions that ablate the cell bodies of origin of the cholinergic... 

A morphometric examination of the hippocampal mossy fiber system (the axons of the hippocampal dentate granule cells) following Pb exposure during development was carried out by Alfano et al. The development of this axonal system is of particular interest since this pathway sequesters the largest amount of Pb in the normal brain, and forms a major internal circuit in the hippocampus. The authors report that high Pb exposure causes reductions in the development of this pathway, even in the absence of any differences in brain weights. 

A recent study by Zhou et al. (2007) reported on postnatal development of the hippocampus in the complete absence of the Sp4 gene. Notable observations were that the dentate granule cell precursors appeared to divide less dimng postnatal development in Sp4 null... 

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