HiOs

Cobalt chloride, C0CI2. Obtained as red crystals of CoCl2 6H20 from aqueous solution, CoCU HiO and C0CI2 are blue as is the (CoCU) " ion. No higher chloride is known although cobalt-haloammines, e.g. (Co(NH3)5C1) are stable. 

The negative ion chemistry is equally clear. N07(HNOO ,(HiO) ions are fomied rapidly. Only acids, HX,... 

In some respects these salts resemble those of iron the aquo-cation [Co(HiO)f,] (pink) occurs in solution and in some solid salts, for... 

Although in teraetion s between vicinal I 4 atom s arc n om in ally treated as non bonded interactions, triost of the force fields treat these somewhat differently from normal 1 5 and greater non-bonded interactions. HyperCbern allows each of these 1 4 non-bonded interactions to be scaled down by a scale factor < 1.0 with AMBHR or OPI-S. bor HIO+ the electrostatic may be scaled and different param eters rn ay be ti sed for I 4 van dcr Waals interactions, fh e. AMBHR force field, for exam pie, n orrn a lly uses a seal in g factor of 0.5 for both van der Waals an d electrostatic interactions. 

I lle HIO+force field option in HyperChem hasno hydrogen bond-in g term, Th is is con sisten I with evolution andcommon useofthe CH.ARMM force field (even the 1983 paper did n ot usc a liydrogen boruiin g term in its exam pic calculation s an d men lion ed that the functional form used then was u n satisfactory and under review). 

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