Highly active antiviral therapy

Highly active antiviral therapy, see HAART High-performance capillary electrophoresis (HPCE) 1563... 

Yazdanpanah Y, Goldie SJ, Losina E et al (2002) Lifetime cost of HIV care in France during the era of highly active antiretroviral therapy. Antivir Ther 7 257-266... 

Viral retinitis may be caused by herpes simplex virus, cytomegalovirus (CMV), adenovirus, and varicella zoster virus. With the highly active antiretroviral therapy (see Chapter 50), CMV retinitis does not appear to progress when specific anti-CMV therapy is discontinued, but some patients develop an immune recovery uveitis. Treatment usually involves long-term parenteral administration of antiviral drugs. Intravitreal administration of ganciclovir has been found to be an effective... 

Interferon-a2b has diverse mechanisms of action, including antiviral activity, impact on cellular metabolism and differentiation, and antitumor activity.42 The antitumor activity is due to a combination of direct antiproliferative effect on tumor cells and indirect immune-mediated effects.42 Interferon-a2b is currently approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) as adjuvant therapy for patients who are free of disease after curative surgical resection but are at high risk of MM recurrence. This includes patients with bulky disease or regional lymph node involvement such as stage IIB, IIC, or III disease.43 It is controversial if interferon-a2b (IFN) should be offered as adjuvant therapy for every high-risk MM patient. The reason is because clinical trials with different doses of IFN have not proved definitively that IFN improves overall patient survival. 

More recently, the challenge to formulate with consistency highly potent actives present in diminishingly low concentrations raised the bar for formulations another significant notch. Procedures and devices for safe intravitreal implantation of sustained antiviral medication have grown from the advent of new therapies for a life- and eye-threatening new disease, HIV-AIDS. 

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