High temperature inward

Inertial Confinement. In the inertial approach, the fuel is heated as it is compressed to a very high density, estimated at about I(KK) times that or the normal density of the solid fuel. An intense energy source is focused onto Ihe outer surface of a specially formed spherical pellet. This produces ablation on the outer surface somewhat similar lo the ablation of a rocket as it is exposed to extremely high temperatures. The energy also causes an implosion (an inward bursting) of the deuterium-tritium fuel mixture in the inneT portion of Ihe pellet. The compression process heats the fuel to ignition temperature and also contributes to the quantity of fuel that can be burned. Inasmuch as the compressed fuel is restrained by its own inertia, the fuel hums before it can fly apart. This is a time span of a billionth of a second or less. ... 

Chromizing [6,7]. In the chromizing process a layer of chromium is applied at a high temperature which allows inward diffusion forming a composition gradient. An important use of this process is the protection of nickel from sulfur-containing environments. 

Carburisation is observed in industrial processes where Fe-Ni-Cr alloys are used in carbonaceous atmospheres at high temperature, especially in the steam cracking of hydrocarbons for ethylene production. Carbon is transferred from the atmosphere into the metal matrix, diffuses inward and causes... 

For steels with less Si, the carburisation at high temperatures >1050 °C is not hindered by any oxide layer and its rate is just determined by the inward diffusion of carbon. This process was studied by carburisation in CH4/H2 mixtures which avoids oxidation [2, 3]. The progress of internal carbide formation can be described by an equation which corresponds to the equation for internal oxidation... 

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