High-Temperature Deformation. Characteristic Points and Softening Point

4 High-Temperature Deformation. Characteristic Points and Softening Point 

The characteristic points on a high-temperature deformation curve are probably the most significant information for the estimation of the safe service temperature of refractories. 

In the furnaces of the A1 foundry, the temperatures are also rather low, so even fireclay-based refractories usually demonstrate softening points 400-500° lower than the temperature of A1 melt, which is sufficient. 

In anode baking furnaces, the high-temperature deformation behavior of refractory materials is sufficient. The flue walls deform in a plastic way. 

According to ISO 1893-1989 [78], DIN 51064 [79], and DIN EN 993-8 [80], the temperature is increased continuously for the refractory sample, compressed at a pressure of 0.2 MPa (0.05 MPa), and a certain level of deformation is fixed. The samples are cylinders either with or without inner holes. 

---