High-strength polymer composites

Technical applications of epoxy resins started about fifty years ago and have resulted in a number of remarkable achievements in the filed of high-strength polymer composite materials, lacquers, coatings, adhesives, etc. 1 -ll). 

Given the modulus and strength values that have been predicted and measured for CNTs, they are potentially an ideal reinforced material for high performance polymer composites with outstanding specific modulus and specific strength with only low concentrations of CNTs (11,39-42). However, one issue of practical importance for nanocomposite is the separation and dispersion of the CNTs within the matrix,... 

Polymer concrete, as highly filled polymer compositions, can be prepared on any synthetic binding. However, due to the requirements for density, strength, deform-ability, chemical resistance, and other characteristics, about 10 different types of monomers or oligomers are used in practice. In combination with modifying additives, they provide more than 30 varieties of polymer concrete. 

VNY HIGH STRENGTH POLYMERS have been developed in recent years. The dreams of all-composite airplanes as well as artificial hearts have become realities. Thus, it is almost a necessity for chemists to acquire tribological information about these new polymers or composites and, vice versa, for tribologists to seek chemical knowledge about these materials. 

G. Han and G. Shi, Conducting polymer electrochemical actuator made of high-strength threelayered composite films of polythiophene and polypyrrole. Sens. Actual. B, B99 (2-3), 525-531... 

C.-T. Lue, T.H. Kwalk, Low haze high strength polyethylene compositions, U.S. Patent 6870010 Bl, of 22 Mar 2005, filed 01 Dec 2003, to Univation Technologies, LLC J. Lyngaae-J0rgtaistai, L.A. Utracki, Dual phase COTtinuity in polymer blends. Makromol. Chem. Macromol. Symp. 48/49, 189-209 (1991)... 

Mine P J and Ward I M (2005) High stiffness and high impact strength polymer composites by hot compaction of oriented fibers and tapes, in Mechanical Properties of Polymers Based on Nanostructure and Morphology (Eds. Michler G H and Baltd-Calleja F J) CRC, Boca Raton, FL, pp. 683-727. 

High-strength polymer fibres with drawn chain molecules can be produced by spinning. Aramid fibres with drawn molecules, for example, can have a Young s modulus in fibre direction of up to 450 GPa and an axial tensile strength of 4700 MPa. These fibres are frequently used in composites (see chapter 9). 

An additional problem associated with high filler concentrations in polymers is the substantial reduction in the strength and ductility of the polymer composite. It is reported that the tensile strength of polymer composites inaeases initially with the addition of a small amount of fillers (-5-20 vol%), but decreases with higher filler loading [28-30]. Such phenomena have normally been attributed to the weak filler-matrix interface [28]. Thus, the high conductive polymer composites are obtained at the expense of the manufacturing cost as well as the desirable mechanical properties. 

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