High lying states

There have been several brave attempts to evaluate generalized oscillator strengths which involve matrix elements of the type of equation (15). Such computations are quite laborious [62] because of numerous high-lying states involved, and much computation time is employed to confirm the validity of Rutherford s law although that may not be evident. More seriously, such calculations can at best serve a complete evaluation of a stopping cross section in... 

The lifetimes of alkali Rydberg states can be calculated accurately, as shown by Theodosiou,29 who has made extensive comparisons between observed lifetimes and calculated values. From this work is is also apparent that the black body radiation correction of Eq. (4.16) is important for high lying states. In light of these two points, it seems that the most compact and consistent way of presenting the alkali lifetimes is by a fit of the calculated 0 K values to the form31... 

The wavelength dependence of laser-stimulated recombination could be used to perform spectroscopy. The recombination rate is closely related to the distribution of positrons in energy and also to the population of bound levels close to the ionization threshold [17]. The spectral resolution for the first step of laser-stimulated recombination is thus limited by the energy distribution of the positrons. Laser-induced two-step recombination, first into a high-lying state with the subsequent stimulation of a bound-bound transition into a lower lying state, offers a first possibility for precise laser spectroscopy [18]. 

Some possible mechanisms for the quenching of pHe+ states were discussed in [29]. First, it is to be noted that the antiprotonic helium resembles a hydrogenlike atom from the physico-chemical point of view, since the pHe+ system has only one electron. The proton in this system is a high-lying state [pHe +]( q with a net charge - -1, but an effective charge around 1.6, depending on The other view of antiprotonic helium is that it is a kind of diatomic molecule with the two centers p and He +. One of the plausible processes is exotic molecule formation ... 

These results indicate that long lived autoionization states with excitation cross-sections comparable to those for excitation of bound high-lying states exist in heavy atoms with complex spectra. Transitions to these autoionization states can radically increase the efficiency of photoionization of atoms, a factor very important in atomic vapor laser isotope separation. 

A further application of local control theory is the so-called optical paralysis scheme [26, 43, 45, 47]. The basic idea is to manipulate ground-state properties while suppressing unwanted excitations to high-lying states, an important... 

STATE-SPECIFIC WAVEFUNCTIONS FOR LOW- AND HIGH-LYING STATES... 

Eq. (19) and the intrashell matrix elements of all the manifold states that were included in the expansion. In all cases, given the smallness of the size of the Is wavefunction compared to the radiation wavelength, the excitation matrix element from the Is state to the high-lying states is treated within the EDA. 

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