High longitudinal section

Figure 1 Longitudinal section through the bottom part of the high-pressure vessel used in this work (p=250 bar) with indication of all feed streams (representative values) and all locations of thermocouples.

Fig. 38.—Various forms of calcium oxalate crystals. A, styloids from the bark of QuiUaja saponaria B, rosette aggregate from rhizome of Rheum officinale C, raphide from the bulb of Urginea maritima D. crystal fiber as seen in longitudinal section in either the xylem or phloem regions of Glycyrrhiza E, microcrystals (crystal sand) isolated from the parenchyma of Belladonna root F, monoclinic prisms and G, twin-crystals from leaves of Hyoscyamus niger. All highly magnified.

Figure 12.15 Lattice fringe high resolution image from a longitudinal section revealing a hairpin type fold forming a step at the surface of 3 denier fiber oxidized 20 h at 220°C and heat treated to 2500°C. Source Reprinted with permission from Bennett SC, Johnson DJ, Electron microscope studies of structural heterogeneity in PAN based carbon fibres, Carbon, 17, 25-39,1979. Copyrighyt 1979,...

Another approach to the characterization of fiber microstructure is the isoprene inclusion method (Section 4.4.2.5). This was applied to the study of PET fibers [57] and to aramid fibers [58] for the purpose of showing their radial microporous and fibrillar texture. Any holes or voids are filled by inclusion of isoprene in the fiber. They are then stained by the reaction of osmium tetroxide with the included isoprene. Longitudinal sections of high speed spim PET are shown in the TEM micrographs in Fig. 5.15A and B of fibers before and after the reaction, respectively. Similar views at lower magnification were shown (Fig. 4.12) in... 

Fig. 9 shows a high magnification view of the longitudinal section of cuticlar cells. The cell membrane complex in the flat overlapping cuticle cells consists of three layers, i.e. the 8-layer adjoining endocuticle, the middle layer termed as 6-layer, and the 8-layer adjacent to the surface of the inner exocuticle. 

Figure 6.13 Longitudinal section of a high-pressure steam turbine of the European manufacturer Alstom. Copyright Alstom 2011.

Figure 7.3B Two interdigitating normal homy cells occupied solely by filaments and matrix and surrounded by highly convoluted thickened cell envelopes. Most of the filaments are seen in longitudinal section (x36 080)...

Figure 14.3. High-magnification views of organelles from cells prepared by HPF-FS. (a) Microfilaments (arrow) in cross section. Bar, 50 nm. (b) Microfilaments in longitudinal section. The arrows point out areas of apparent transverse elements in the bundle. Bar, 50 nm. (c) Membranes between adjacent cells in a postgastrulation embryo. Bar, 200 nm. (d) Membranes between cells in a pregastrulation embryo. Bar, 200 nm. (e-g) Centrioles from syncytial blastoderm mitotic spindle poles. Bars (e) 200 nm (f,g) 100 nm. See text for additional details.

Together these produce the line on Fig. 10.2 that looks like a longitudinal section through a bathtub. Infant mortality failures are usually attributable to inadequacies in manufacture, maintenance, or design. The inadequacies result in a reduction in the ability of a component, equipment, or system to survive the environment to which it is subjected. Infant mortality failures exhibit relatively high failure rates during early... 

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