High-level synthesis benefits

While the finite-state machine model offers some outstanding benefits, it has one important limitation for high-level synthesis all its opmdons are scheduled. Since the machine s inputs and ouq>uts are defined for every cycle, there... 

It is often said that the lack of a systematic procedure to improve the accuracy of an approximate density functional is a disadvantage of DFT however, at a high level of accuracy probably any systematic approximation scheme for the correlation energy produces a considerable amount of information which is not relevant for the problem at hand. The lack of a systematic procedure to construct density functionals and the knowledge of its existence motivates us to uncover the essentials of electronic structure. Often it turns out that difficult problems in wavefunction theory can be solved with simple density functionals and, in other cases, computationally inexpensive wavefunction methods increase the accuracy of approximate density functionals. We expect that in the foreseeable future electronic structure theory will benefit from new ideas emerging from the synthesis of DFT and wavefunction theory. 

The potential for ruthenium to displace iron in new plants (several projects are in progress [398] of which two 1850 mtpd plants in Trinidad now have been successfully commissioned [1488]) will depend on whether the benefits of its use are sufficient to compensate the higher costs. In common with the iron catalyst it will also be poisoned by oxygen compounds. Even with some further potential improvements it seems unlikely to reach an activity level which is sufficiently high at low temperature to allow operation of the ammonia synthesis loop at the pressure level of the synthesis gas generation. 

Lovastatin is a member of a class of drugs (atorvastatin and simvastatin are others in this class) called statins that are used to treat hypercholesterolemia. The statins act as competitive inhibitors of the enzyme HMG-CoA reductase. These molecules mimic the structure of the normal substrate of the enzyme (HMG-CoA) and act as transition state analogues. While the statins are bound to the enzyme, HMG-CoA cannot be converted to mevalonic acid, thus inhibiting the whole cholesterol biosynthetic process. Recent studies indicate that there may be important secondary effects of statin therapy because some of the medical benefits of statins are too rapid to be a result of decreasing atherosclerotic lesions. Statin therapy has been associated with reduced risks of dementia, Alzheimer disease, ischemic cerebral stroke, and other diseases that are not correlated with high cholesterol levels. Although this is still an active area of research, it appears that the pleiotropic effects of statins may be a result of a reduction in the synthesis of isoprenoid intermediates that are formed in the pathway of cholesterol biosynthesis. 

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