Propellants high energy

In order to increase the velocity of gun propellants, nitroguanidine is replaced with RDX to form high energy propellants. High energy 

Stabilizer Carbamite (diphenyl diethyl urea), methyl centralite (diphenyl dimethyl urea), chalk and diphenylamine Increase shelf life of propellant 

Plasticizer Dibutyl phthalate, carbamite and methyl centralite Gelation of nitrocellulose 

Coolant Dibutyl phthalate, carbamite, methyl centralite and dinitrotoluene Reduce the flame temperature 

Surface lubricant Graphite Improve flow characteristics 

---

D. S. Gaaidnei, ed.. Safety andHayards of High Energy Propellants, CPIA Pubhcation 284, CPIA, Johns Hopkins Urdveisity, Laurel, Md., 1977. 

S is the so-called sediment volume. The volume of free liquid is (1 - S). Typically, k = -25, and S = 1.22 for most high-energy propellants. 

Diazocines are eight-membered heterocycles containing two nitrogen atoms. The A-nitro and A-nitroso derivatives of 1,5-diazocines are energetic materials with potential for use in high-energy propellants. 

The temperature sensitivity of burning rate thus comprises 60 % lower activation energy and the higher temperature in the fizz zone as compared to the low-energy propellant. 

Hexanitroethane was recommended as an ingredient of smokeless powder [48]. It is a good solvent of nitrocellulose and due to its high energy of explosion it could produce a high energy propellant. 

Murri, Y. Horie D.R. Curran, Fracture and Fragmentation of High Energy Propellant ,... 

A.R. Young II R. Erlich, Trialkylaluminumtrialkylamine Adducts as Intermediates for High-Energy Propellant Binders and Thermally Stable Polymers , USP 3538135... 

Since the enthalpy of formation plays a critical role in the prediction of propellant performance, one is not surprised to see a strong variation of specific impulse with product heat of formation of the dominant, stable products. Uncertainties in enthalpies of formation have been greatest for the metal containing compounds of importance to many high energy propellant combinations. 

V. F. 2. Uncertainties in enthalpies of formation have been greatest for the metal containing compounds of importance to many high energy propellant combinations. 

This material has been considered as a potential candidate for high-energy propellant applications. A yellow form may be obtained from ethanol, while a pale-orange modification crystallizes from acetone. They crystallize in (equivalent) F2i/c and P2i I a space groups respectively, both with Z = 0.5, requiring that the molecule lies on a crystallographic inversion centre and exhibits an essentially planar molecular conformation (Cromer et al. 1988). 

The application of nitrocellulose depends strongly on the degree of nitration. For example, guncotton with 13.45 percent nitrogen is used in the manufacture of double-base and high-energy propellants [4]. 

---