High-efficiency regenerator

FIG. 17-24 Modem FCC unit configured for high-efficiency regeneration and extra catalyst cooling. (Reptinted with peimission of UOF. RCC is a service ma7k of Ashland Oil Inc.)... 

Based on these viewpoints, UOP developed the high-efficiency regenerator in 1974 with the following characteristics (Cabrera and Mott, 1982) ... 

FIG. 17-24 Modem FCC unit configured for high-efficiency regeneration... 

S. Sharma, D. Medpefli, S. Chen, D.K. Seo, Calcium-modified hierarchically porous aluminosihcate geopolymer as a highly efficient regenerable catalyst for biodiesel production, RSC Adv. 5 (2015) 65454—66561. 

The first seminal woik on DSSC was reported in 1991 by O Regan and Gratzel [O RE 91]. The originality and the device performances ofDSSC are mainly governed by (i) the high surface area and the controlled nanoporosity of the oxide materials and (ii) the high efficiency regeneration of the photo-oxidized dye molecules induced with a redox mediator in electrolyte. 

Applies to Strippers, Conventional Regenerators and Bottom Part of High Efficiency Regenerators... 

The overall benefits of this high efficiency combustor over a conventional bubbling- or turbulent-bed regenerator are enhanced and controlled carbon-bum kinetics (carbon on regenerated catalyst at less than 0.05 wt %) ease of start-up and routiae operabiUty uniform radial carbon and temperature profiles limited afterbum ia the upper regenerator section and uniform cyclone temperatures and reduced catalyst iaventory and air-blower horsepower. By 1990, this design was well estabUshed. More than 30 units are ia commercial operation. 

Feedstock A higher fraction of 1,050°F+ (565°C+) in the feed. For many refiners, the regenerator temperature is the limit on addition of heavy ends to the feed. High-efficiency feed nozzles can be used. Naphtha quench can be added. 

The last reaction cited above as shown is very effectively catalyzed by bacterial action but is very slow chemically by recycling the spent ferrous liquors and regenerating ferric iron bacterially, the amount of iron which must be derived from pyrite oxidation is limited to that needed to make up losses from the system, principally in the uranium product stream. This is important if the slow step in the overall process is the oxidation of pyrite. The situation is different in the case of bacterial leaching of copper sulfides where all the sulfide must be attacked to obtain copper with a high efficiency. A fourth reaction which may occur is the hydrolysis of ferric sulfate in solution, thus regenerating more sulfuric acid the ferrous-ferric oxidation consumes acid. 

The reduced form of diphosphopyridine nucleotide (DPNH), which is used in the reduction of di-O-phosphoglyceronic acid to O-phosphoglycerose, could be regenerated with high efficiency from the oxidized form (DPN ) by the reduced form of 6-thioctic acid, thus supplying the necessary re-... 

Filtration is an efficient and inexpensive method for removing dust, particulates and bioaerosols from indoor air. High efficiency filters can remove up to 95 % of airborne particles as small as 0.3 microns. However, odor associated with gaseous VOCs cannot be removed by simple filtration and must be captured using adsorbents such as activated carbon and charcoal. Frequent replacement is needed since these adsorbents have finite capacity and cannot be regenerated. The aim of this project is to develop an effective remediation technology for common airborne VOCs found indoor. 

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