High-density lipoprotein paraoxonase-associated

Blatter, M.-C., James, R.W., Messner, S., Barja, F., Pometta, D. (1993). Identification of a distinct human high-density lipoprotein subspecies defined by a lipoprotein-associated protein, K-45. Identity of K-45 with paraoxonase. Eur. J. Biochem. 211, 871. 

The human paraoxonase-1 (PONl) is a 45kDa calcium-dependent enzyme bound to high-density lipoprotein (HDL) particles, in association with other apolipoproteins. PON 1 shows a genetic polymorphism the most prominent determines the Q192R allozyme, which can have a substantial impact on PONl activity against OPs and arylesters (Smo-len et al, 1991) (Table 70.1). The enzyme was shown to be involved in the protection against atherosclerosis (Shih... 

Draganov, D.I., Stetson, P.L., Watson, C.E., Billecke, S.S., and La Du, B.N. 2000, Rabbit semm paraoxonase 3 (PON3) is a high density lipoprotein-associated lactonase and protects low density lipoprotein against oxidation, J. Biol. Chem., vol. 275, no. 43, pp. 33435-33442. 

Rosenblat, M., Gaidukov, L., Khersonsky, O., Vaya, J., Oren, R., Tawfik, D.S., and Aviram, M. 2006, The catal3ftic histidine dyad of high density lipoprotein-associated serum paraoxonase-1 (PONl) is essential for PONl-mediated inhibition of low density hpoprotein oxidation and stimulation of macrophage cholesterol efflux, J. Biol. Chem., vol. 281, pp. 7657-7665. 

Watson, A., Berliner, J.A., Hama, S.Y. et al. (1995). Protective effect of high density lipoprotein associated paraoxonase. Journal of Clinical Investigation, 96, 2882-2891. 

Human serum paraoxonase (PON 1) is an esterase that is physically associated with high-density lipoprotein (HDL) and is also distributed in tissues such as liver, kidney, and intestine [38,39]. Activities of PON 1, which are routinely measured, include hydrolysis of organophosphates, such as paraoxon (the active metabolite of the insecticide parathion) hydrolysis of arylesters, such as phenyl acetate and lactonase activities. Human serum paraoxonase activity has been shown to be inversely related to the risk of cardiovascular disease [40,41], as shown in atherosclerotic, hypercholester-olemic, and diabetic patients [42-44]. In 1998 HDL-associated PON 1 was shown to protect LDL, as well as the HDL particle itself, against oxidation induced by either copper ions or free radical generators [45,46], and this effect could be related to the hydrolysis of the specific lipoproteins oxidized lipids such as cholesteryl linoleate hydroperoxides and oxidized phospholipids. Protection of HDL from oxidation by PON 1 was shown to preserve... 

Watson, A.D. et al. Protective effect of high density hpoprotein associated paraoxonase. Inhibition of the biological activity of minimally oxidized low density lipoprotein. J. Clin. Invest. 96 (1995) 2882-91. 

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