Heterolytic Cleavages. Coupling of Radicals with Nucleophiles

Heterolytic Cleavages. Coupling of Radicals with Nucleophiles 

from ref. 29. Uncertainties on standard potentials are less than 10 m V. 

ELECTRON TRANSFER, BOND BREAKING, AND BOND FORMATION 

is a function of parameters characterizing the reactant and product ground states or excited states as depicted in equations (3.25) to (3.27)  

The scale may be converted into a driving force scale by 

---