Heterogeneous ruthenium-based catalyst systems

Heterogeneous ruthenium (Ru)-based catalyst systems have considerable interest for NH3 production, since they operate at lower temperatures and more moderate pressures than the conventionally Fe-systems. In molecular chemistry, the synthesis of the first characterized transition metal—dinitrogen compound [(NH3)sRu(N2)] triggered the development of the field and also led to the preparation of a large number of ruthenium compounds containing nitrogenous N Hy ligands. However, despite... 

Gold- and rhodium-catalyzed acylations of ammonia have been reported [112, 132], but similar transformations promoted by homogeneous mthenium catalysts still remain unknown. Such a reaction could only be performed employing a heterogeneous ruthenium-based system under aerobic conditions. However, a completely different mechanism operates in this case (see Sect. 6) [133]. 

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