Heterogeneous catalytic-type systems chemistry

Recently, however, the implementation of several forms of modern, high resolution spectroscopy has made it possible to characterize, in relatively detailed fashion, the evolving chemistry of heterogeneous catalytic-type systems. In some cases, in fact, it has been possible to map the behavior of actual commercial catalysts, even following use. For example, much of our present understanding of the functionality of hydrodesulfurization catalysis has been a direct result of investigations of commercial systems with modern surface spectroscopies, as is also the case in the development of the basis reference for metals-support interactions (1). 

An extensive research activity in biomineralization has develop>ed that investigates the structure-directing principles described above, but now chemically without the use of biological sterns. This is of great interest in the context of designing the microporous cell-type enclosed conditions for protocell systems. Second, conversion of protocell-type catalytic sterns into heterogeneous catalytic systems requires mineralization chemistry similar to biomineralization. 

A special and very important case of EC-type processes is denoted as the catalytic or EC (or ErevC rev) electrode reaction. In this reaction sequence (see Eq. II. 1.24), the heterogeneous electron transfer produces the reactive intermediate B, which upon reaction with C regenerates the starting material A. The redox system A/B may therefore be regarded as redox mediator or catalyst, and numerous applications of this scheme in electro-organic chemistry are known [97]. Furthermore, a redox... 

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