Heterobasidion annosum

The reaction of phenol with isoprene dibromide and sodium affords ( )-2-isopropenyl-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran (219) in high yield (78CL253) an additional formylation reaction led to fomannoxin (220), a toxin isolated from Heterobasidion annosum (77TL651). ( )-Tremetone (221) was synthesized by the same route and oxidized by selenium dioxide in acetic anhydride to give ( )-5-acetyl-2-(l-acetoxymethylvinyl)-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran. 

Figure 1.11 Relative gene expression profiles of PaChi4, a elass IV chitinase, and pathogen colonization levels in bark of two Norway spruce clones following inoculation with Heterobasidion annosum. The bark around the inoculation site was spatially sampled 3 and 14 days after inoculation. Clone 409 is highly susceptible and clone 589 is moderately resistant to this pathogen. The transcript levels of the chitinase in clone 409 at the time of inoculation (shown at 0 mm distance from inoculation) were used as a reference transcript level and defined as the lx expression level, and the transcript levels of all the other samples are expressed as the fold change over this reference level. Pathogen colonization (Path, col.) was measured as the ratio of pathogen to host DNA. Each data point represents the mean of two ramets. For further details, see Hietala et al. (2004).

HIETALA, A.M., KVAALEN, H., SCHMIDT, A., J0HNK, N., SOLHEIM, H., FOSSDAL, C.G., Temporal and spatial profiles of chitinase expression by Norway spruce in response to bark colonization by Heterobasidion annosum., Appl. Environ. Microbiol, 2004, 70, 3948-3953. 

C,2H 202, Mr 188,23, oil, (aji, +89° (CHCI3), A toxic metabolite from the fungus Heterobasidion annosum = Fames annosus. The fungus causes white rot and is a major pest in forestry since it penetrates the roots of living conifers and kills the trees, F, is also isolated from cultures of the basidiomycete Laurilia taxodi. ... 

Helotium subcorticale Vel. 197, 198 Heterobasidion annosum (Fr.) Bref. 119 Hohenbuehelia geogenia (DC. ex Fr.) Sing. 192... 

The best documented evidence for an extractive (pinosylvins) functioning as a phytoalexin (an antimicrobial compound produced as an active response of the plant to the pathogen) is the reaction zones produced in pine in response to invasion by Heterobasidion annosum, the Sirex-Amylostereum complex, and the Den-droctonus- idin fungi complex (20). As with other phytoalexins, the accumulation of sitilbenes in pine sapwood is a nonspecific response to injury. In some cases the wounding agent causes rapid death of the invaded tissue and no stilbene... 

Prior C 1976 Resistance by Corsican pine to attack by Heterobasidion annosum. Ann Bot 40 261-279... 

Coriolus versicolor Fomes fomentarius Gloeophyllum trabeum Grifola frondosa Heterobasidion annosum Lentinus edodes Phaeolus schweinitzii Pleurotus ostreatus Polyporus brumalis Poria vaillantii Trametes gibbosa... 

---