Heteroatom Additions

Seleno-Heteroatom Additions Selenium-induced Cyclizations... 

Finally, addition of Pd-heteroatom bonds to 7r-compounds is extensively discussed in Part V. With halogens, O, and N as heteroatoms, anti addition is often observed. However, syn addition is also possible and has, in fact, been observed. Those Pd-heteroatom addition reactions that are not discussed in earlier sections are discussed in Sect vn.6. 

Among nanomateiials, carbon surfaces represent very attractive materials for electrochemical studies, such as biosensor applications, due to their different allotropes (graphite, diamond and fullerenes/nanotubes). Carbon electrodes are well polarizable. However, their electrical conductivity strongly depends on the thermal treatment, microtexture, hybridization and content of heteroatoms. Additionally, the amphoteric character of carbon allows use of the rich electrochemical propierties of this element from donor to acceptor state. Application of recently developed carbon materials include. 

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