Heroin via Central Asia to the Russian Federation

The destination of most of these drugs is the Russian Federation, which has one of the highest rates of opiate use in the world. An estimated 2 per cent of the adult population annually use either heroin or one of the many homemade opiate concoctions. The best estimates place the heroin user population in Russia at about 1.6 million, consuming up to 80 mt of heroin each year,48 worth some US 1.5 billion at wholesale level in Russia. This is about a tenth of the wholesale value of the US cocaine market. 

The internal market in Afghanistan appears to be comprised of at least four distinct levels  

As in Colombia, the cultivation of drug crops in Afghanistan is diffuse. Cultivation occurred in 28 of 34 

As is the case everywhere, farmers require credit in order to survive, and one of the primary sources of these micro-loans appears to be opium traders. Landless farmers must lease the land they wish to till, and are even more credit dependent. Credit is extended by opium traders - including shopkeepers, bazaar traders, and itinerant traders — to be repaid in opium. Opium has become a kind of currency, with high value per weight, a means of storing value. While credit is not the only or even the dominant reason farmers cultivate opium, the credit dynamic is a key mechanism by which the market is ordered. 

There are a lot of these creditors/opium traders, an estimated one for every thirteen farmers, or perhaps 

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