Hepatic triacylglycerol

Fmctose bypasses the main regulatory step in glycolysis, catalyzed by phosphofmctokinase, and stimulates fatty acid synthesis and hepatic triacylglycerol secretion. 

Cunnane SC. 1987. Hepatic triacylglycerol accumulation induced by ethanol and carbon tetrachloride interactions with essential fatty acids and prostaglandins. Alcoholism Clin Exp Res 11 25-31. 

VLDLs are produced in the liver (Figure 18.17). They are composed predominantly of triacylglycerol, and their function is to carry this lipid from the liver to the peripheral tissues. There, the triacylglycerol is degraded by lipoprotein lipase, as discussed for chylomicrons (see p. 226). [Note "Fatty liver" (hepatic steatosis) occurs in conditions in which there is an imbalance between hepatic triacylglycerol synthesis and the secretion of VLDL. Such conditions include obesity, uncontrolled diabetes mellitus, and chronic ethanol ingestion.]... 

Kobayashi, T., Shimizugawa, T., Osakabe, T., Watanabe, S., Okuyama, H. 1997. A long-term feeding of sphingolipids affected the levels of plasma cholesterol and hepatic triacylglycerol but not tissue phospholipids and sphingolipids. Nutr. Res. 17, 111-114. 

D. Wiggins and G. F. Gibbons, The lipolysis/esterification cycle of hepatic triacylglycerol. Its role in the secretion of very-low-density lipoprotein and its response to hormones and sulphonylureas, Biochem. J., 1992, 284, 457-462. 

The observations made in PPARa -/- mice (Lee et al., 1995) provide in vivo evidence for a major role of PPARa in regulating these enzymes. In PPARa -/-mice, Aoyama et al. (Aoyama et al., 1998) observed a marked decrease in the expression of genes involved in fatty acid-catabolizing enzymes. Consistent with an impaired ability to degrade fatty acid, PPARa-/- mice accumulate hepatic triacylglycerols (Costet et al., 1998). 

Wiggins, D., Gibbons, G.F. 1992. The lipolysis cycle of hepatic triacylglycerol. Biochem. J. 284 457-462. Farese, R.V. 1998. Acyl CoA cholesterol acyltransferase genes and knockout mice. Curr. Opin. Lipidol. 9 119-123. 

Table 5. Effect of chitin-chitosan on liver weight, hepatic triacylglycerol and total cholesterol in mice fed a high-fat (HF) diet.

Wang, Y.M., Rahman, S.M., Nagao, K., Han, S.Y., and Yanagita, T. (2003) Conjugated Linoleic Acid Reduces Hepatic Microsomal Triglyceride Transfer Protein Activity and Hepatic Triacylglycerol Mass in Obese Rats, J. Oleo Sci. 52, 129-134. 

Cha, J.Y., Mameda, Y Yamamoto, K., Oogami, K. and Yanagita, T. (1998) Association Between Hepatic Triacylglycerol Accumulation Induced by Administering Orotic Acid and Enhanced Phosphatidate Phosphohydrolase Activity in Rats, Biosci. Biotechnol. Biochem. 62,508-513. 

Hepatic triacylglycerol lipase, 536 Hepatoma, 528 Hept-cw-4-enal, 457 Heptacosanoic acid, 1... 

Effect of rumen-protected choline on performance and hepatic triacylglycerol concentrations in early-lactating dairy cattle... 

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