Heparan sulfate sulfotransferases

E. Brandan, C. B. Hirschberg, Purification of rat liver N-heparan-sulfate sulfotransferase. J. Biol Chem. 1988 263, 2417-2422. 

Aikawa J, Grobe K, Tsujimoto M, Esko JD. Multiple isozymes of heparan sulfate/heparin GlcNAc A-deacetylase/GlcN A-sulfotransferase - structure and activity of the fourth member, NDST4. J. Biol. Chem. 2001 276(8) 5876-5882. 

Pikas DS, Eriksson I, Kjellen L. Overexpression of different isoforms of glucosaminyl A-deacetylase/A-sulfotransferase results in distinct heparan sulfate A-sulfation patterns. Biochemistry 2000 39(15) 4552-4558. 

Kusche-Gullberg M, Eriksson 1, Pikas DS, Kjellen L. Identification and expression in mouse of two heparan sulfate glucosaminyl A-deacetylase/A-sulfotransferase genes. J. Biol. Chem. 1998 273(19) 11902-11907. 

Shworak NW, Liu JA, Petros LM, Zhang LJ, Kobayashi M, Copeland NG, Jenkins NA, Rosenberg RD. Multiple isoforms of heparan sulfate D-glucosaminyl 3-O-sulfotransferase - isolation, characterization, and expression of human cDNAs and identification of distinct genomic loci. J. Biol. Chem. 1999 274(8) 5170-5184. 

Jemth P, Smeds E, Do AT, Habuchi H, Kimata K, Lindahl U, Kusche-Gullberg M. Oligosaccharide library-based assessment of heparan sulfate 6-O-sulfotransferase substrate specificity. J. Biol. Chem. 2003 278(27) 24371-24376. 

N. W. Shworak, J. Liu, L. M. S. Fritze, J. J. Schwartz, L. Zhang, D. Logeart, R. D. Rosenberg, Molecular cloning and expression of mouse and human cDNAs encoding heparan sulfate D-glucosaminyl 3-O-sulfotransferase. J. Biol. Chem. 1997 272, 28008-28019. 

T. Sueyoshi, Y. Kakuta, L. C. Pedersen, F. E. Wall, L. G. Pedersen, M. Negishi, A role of Lys614 in the sulfotransferase activity of human heparan sulfate N-deacetylase/N-sulfotransferase. FEBS Lett. 1998 433, 211-4. 

H. Habuchi, M. Kobayashi, K. Kimata, Molecular characterization and expression of heparan-sulfate 6-sulfotransferase. Complete cDNA cloning in human and partial cloning in Chinese hamster ovary cells. J. Biol Chem. 1998 273, 9208-13. 

J. Dixon, S. K. Loftus, A. J. Gladwin, P. J. Scambler, J. J. Wasmuth, M. J. Dixon, Cloning of the human heparan sulfate-N-deacetylase/N-sulfotransferase gene from the Treacher Collins syndrome candidate region at 5q32-q33.1. Genomics 1995 26, 239-244. 

J. Aikawa, J. D. Esko, Molecular cloning and expression of a third member of the heparan sulfate/heparin GlcNAc N-deacetylase/N-sulfotransferase family. J. Biol Chem. 1999 274, 2690-5. 

Sulfotransferases transfer sulfo groups to O and N atoms of suitable acceptors (reaction type ID, Table 10-1). Usually, transfer is from the active sulfate," 3 -phosphoadenosine 5 -phosphosulfate (PAPS), 21 whose formation is depicted in Eq. 17-38. Sulfatases catalyze hydrolysis of sulfate esters. The importance of such enzymes is demonstrated by the genetic mucopolysaccharidoses. In four of these disease-specific sulfatases that act on iduronate sulfate, heparan N-sulfate, galactose-6-sulfate, or N-acetylglu-cosamine-4-sulfate are absent. Some of these, such as heparan N-sulfatase deficiency, lead to severe mental retardation, some cause serious skeletal abnormalities, while others are mild in their effects. ... 

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