Hemolysis Fischer

Female rats exposed to 432 ppm 2-butoxyethanol for 2-8 hours exhibited hemolysis at 2 hours, hemoglobinuria at 3 hours, and hemin crystalluria at 4 hours during exposure, whereas rats exposed to 200 ppm for 7 hours per day for 9 days exhibited a decrease in red blood cell count and hemoglobin level (Carpenter et al. 1956). Elevation of erythrocyte fragility was seen at doses as low as 62 ppm administered to rats for 4 hours, or 54 ppm administered for up to 30 days (Carpenter et al. 1956). In addition, Carpenter et al. (1956) reported hemoglobinuria in rats after inhalation exposure to 203 ppm 2-butoxyethanol for 7 hours in rats exposed to 250-800 ppm for 2-9 hours per day over 1-6 days in rats exposed to 203 ppm for 7 hours, 5 days per week for 30 days and in mice after inhalation exposure to 200 ppm 2-butoxyethanol for 7 hours. Hemoglobinuria was noted in male Fischer 344 rats after 6 hours of exposure to 438 ppm (Sabourin et al. 1992a). 

Other studies show similar effects. In a study by Corley et al. (1994), which was conducted primarily to assist in the validation of a PBPK model (see Section 2.3.5), groups of two or three male Fischer 344 rats were given radiolabeled 2-butoxyethanol at doses of 8.6 or 126 mg/kg by gavage in water. Hemolysis and hemoglobinuria were observed in the two rats given the 126-mg/kg dose, but not in the three rats given 8.6 mg/kg. 

Fischer D, et al. (2003). In vitro cytotoxicity testing of polycations influence of polymer structure on cell viability and hemolysis. Biomat. 24 1121-1131. 

Landois s observation of hemolysis (1875) induced by infusion of alien blood which 38 years later led to Landsteiner s discovery of the blood groups, and Emil Fischer s ingenious studies of carbohydrates and amino acid analysis and synthesis were other important factors which opened the door for the rapid progress in intravenous therapy during the last hundred years. 

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