Hematological disorders leukopenia

Adverse Effects. Cyclophosphamide is used very cautiously as an immunosuppressant because of the possibility of severe side effects, including carcinogenic effects during long-term use. Other side effects include hematologic disorders (leukopenia, thrombocytopenia), cardiotoxicity, nephrotoxicity, and pulmonary toxicity. 

Because procainamide has the potential to produce serious hematologic disorders (0.5%), particularly leukopenia or agranulocytosis (sometimes fatal), reserve its use for patients in whom the benefits of treatment clearly outweigh the risks. 

Hematologic disorders Agranulocytosis, eoisnophilia, leukopenia, hemolytic anaemia, pancytopenia, thrombocytopenic purpura. 

Adverse Effects. The primary problem associated with foscarnet is impaired renal function, including acute tubular necrosis. Hematologic disorders (anemia, granulocytopenia, leukopenia), gastrointestinal disturbances (cramps, nausea, vomiting), and CNS toxicity (confusion, dizziness) may also occur during foscarnet treatment. 

The evaluation of anti-BPO antibodies of the IgG class, by a similar procedure to the one used in the RAST assay, has proved of interest in the evaluation of penicillin-induced hematological disorders, such as hemolytic anemia or leukopenia (Neftel et al. 1981), although anti-BPO IgG antibodies are also encountered in asymptomatic individuals treated with high doses of penicillins. Previously described methods, such as hemagglutination or bacteriophage inhibition, are cumbersome, less reproducible, and may be considered as obsolete. 

The hematological effects of tumor necrosis factor alfa mostly consist of dose-related thrombocytopenia and granulocytopenia, and decreased monocyte or lymphocyte counts (SED-13, 1111) (11,12). Septic episodes are sometimes associated with leukopenia. Coagulopathy with laboratory evidence of disseminated intravascular coagulopathy was found in 30% of patients and was sometimes associated with thromboembolic events (13). Other coagulation disorders include transient alterations in prothrombin time, and a rise in the plasma concentrations of von Willebrand factor was found in healthy volunteers (14). 

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