Heisenberg, Werner appearance

Werner Heisenberg stated that the exact location of an electron could not be determined. All measuring technigues would necessarily remove the electron from its normal environment. This uncertainty principle meant that only a population probability could be determined. Otherwise coincidence was the determining factor. Einstein did not want to accept this consequence ("God does not play dice"). Finally, Erwin Schrodinger formulated the electron wave function to describe this population space or probability density. This equation, particularly through the work of Max Born, led to the so-called "orbitals". These have a completely different appearance to the clear orbits of Bohr. 

This is a very interesting coincidence Werner Heisenberg was also involved in fluid dynamics. At the beginning, Schrddinger did not use operators. They appeared after he established closer contacts with the University of Gottingen. 

In 1937 Werner Heisenberg was at the height of his powers. He was nominated professor and got married. However, just after returning from his honeymoon, the rector of the university called him, saying that there was a problem. In the SS weekly an article by Prof. Johannes Stark (a Nobel Prize winner and faithful Nazi) was about to appear claiming that Professor Heisenberg is not such a good patriot as he pretends, because he socialized in the past with Jewish physicists... 

Shortly after de Broglie s theory appeared, new mathematical treatments, known collectively as quantum mechanics, were introduced to describe the behaviour of electrons in atoms. Erwin Schrodinger (1887-1961) developed wave mechanics, and Werner Heisenberg (1901-1976) used a different approach called matrix mechanics. Heisenberg s treatment led to the uncertainty principle, which stated that it is impossible simultaneously to determine precisely both the position and the velocity of the electron. Other workers in the field were Max Born (1882-1970), Pascual Jordan and Paul Dirac (1902-1984). Although the approaches of Schrodinger and Heisenberg seemed very different, it was ultimately realised that there is a fundamental unity between them. 

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