Heck-, Suzuki- and Stille-type Couplings

2 Heck-, Suzuki- and Stille-type Couplings - The Heck reaction, palladium-catalysed coupling of aryl or vinyl halides with alkenes or alkynes, is an extremely useful synthetic method. Only recently have Heck reactions been performed in aqueous media, probably due to the perception that water must be carefully 

Similarly, Pd(OAc)2 modified with the guanidino phosphines 92 (Table 5 n=l,2) catalysed the Heck reaction between 4-iodobenzoic acid and 4-carboxy- 

Pd/tppts-catalysed intermolecular sp-sp couplings to afford diynes and sp2-sp coupling of 2-iodophenols or iodoanilines with alkynes followed by intramolecular cyclization to benzofurans and indoles, respectively, with moderate to good yields in H20/CH3CN solvent mixtures have also been described.517 8 

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